Smara

Smara, located in the disputed region of Western Sahara, holds a mystical appeal characterized by its historical richness and stark, desert beauty. Founded in the early 19th century by the nomadic Sahrawi tribe, its most notable landmark is the grand old mosque constructed by Sheikh Ma El Ainin, an influential religious and military leader. Today, the city is a blend of ancient culture and modern skirmishes, a testament to the enduring spirit of its people amidst ongoing territorial disputes. For travelers, Smara offers a unique glimpse into Sahrawi ways of living and the harsh, yet majestic landscapes of the Sahara.

When visiting Smara, come prepared with necessities for desert travel — sun protection, ample water supplies, and guide services are essential for exploring safely and comfortably.

For an enriching experience, engage with local guides to explore Smara’s historical sites. Their knowledge will unveil the depths of the city’s storied past and its cultural significance.

How to best experience Smara?

Discover tickets, tours, and activities for Smara through these providers:

Direct Search

GetYourGuide tickets for western-sahara smara

Direct Search

Direct Search

Musement tickets for western-sahara smara

Direct Search

Headout tickets for western-sahara smara

Direct Search

Trip.com tickets for western-sahara smara

Direct Search

Direct Search

Discover Smara: A Glimpse into Western Sahara’s Hidden Gem

Country	Western Sahara
Time in Smara	GMT-1
Language spoken	Hassaniya Arabic
Population	57,035 (World Population Review, 2023)
Currency	Sahrawi peseta (₧ – EHP)
Airports	Smara Airport (2 mi / 3.2 km)

Smara, a city in the disputed territory of Western Sahara, holds a unique stance in North African history and culture. This hidden gem, located in the desolate expanses of the Sahara Desert, is steeped in a rich blend of Berber, Arab, and African influences, evident in its people, architecture, and cultural practices. Historically, Smara was a spiritual and administrative center founded in the late 19th century by the Ma El Ainin, a prominent religious and military leader who resisted French colonial expansion in the region.

The city today strives to preserve its historical heritage while grappling with its complex political status and the challenges of modernization. Notably, Smara’s skyline is dominated by the ruins of the old Ksar and the grand mosque built by Ma El Ainin, which serve as poignant reminders of its storied past. These historical sites attract scholars and visitors interested in the rich tapestry of Sahrawi culture and history.

Despite its remote location, Smara plays an essential role in the regional economy, supported by camel herding, trade, and minor agricultural activities that adapt to the harsh desert climate. The prevalence of traditional nomadic lifestyles, in conjunction with limited urban development, provides a fascinating glimpse into the resilience of Sahrawi people.

Smara’s social fabric is vibrant and characterized by communal activities, folklore music, and poetry recitals, which are integral to the Sahrawi way of life. Annual festivals and social gatherings are not only cultural expressions but also serve as vital platforms for community bonding and sustaining tribal traditions.

Challenges remain, however, as the city and its inhabitants navigate issues of political uncertainty and the pressing needs for infrastructure development. The ongoing dispute over sovereignty between Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic adds a layer of complexity to the region’s dynamics. Nevertheless, the spirit of Smara’s residents shines through, embodying a hopeful persistence and a proud adherence to their cultural heritage amidst the shifting sands of time.

Where is Smara?

Smara is situated in the eastern part of Western Sahara, surrounded by rocky desert landscapes and characterized by its arid climate.

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
From Laayoune to Smara	116 miles (187 km)	Approx. 2 hours
From Dakhla to Smara	355 miles (571 km)	Approx. 6 hours

What is Smara famous for?

Smara is renowned for its historical significance as a center of Sahrawi culture and for the remnants of the grand mosque built by Ma El Ainin, a national symbol of resistance against colonial powers.

History

Prehistoric & Early Inhabitants

The region where Smara is located has been inhabited since prehistoric times, evident from the ancient rock engravings found across Western Sahara. These engravings depict a fertile Sahara teeming with wildlife, suggesting the area was once lush before desertification set in.

12th Century – Establishment

Smara was founded in the 12th century by the nomadic tribes of the Sanhaja confederation. The city later became a strategic religious and commercial center. Its significance grew with the establishment of the Zaouia of Smara, a religious school, by Sheikh Ma al-Aynain in the late 19th century, whose political influence spanned across the Sahara.

20th Century – Colonialism & Conflict

The city’s modern history was shaped by the Spanish occupation starting in 1934, marking the region as part of Spanish Sahara. This period was marked by a blend of resistance and co-existence. In the mid-20th century, the struggle for independence intensified with numerous Sahrawi tribes battling Spanish colonial forces. Following Spain’s withdrawal, the region became contested between Morocco, Mauritania, and the Polisario Front, striving for the establishment of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Smara found itself in a volatile position during the Western Sahara War and has since remained under Moroccan control, although tensions persist.

21st Century – Modern Developments

In recent decades, Smara has seen moderate infrastructural developments, including the construction of housing and public service buildings, aimed at improving living conditions. While still nestled in a disputed territory, it continues to hold significant cultural and historical value for the Sahrawi people, balancing modernization with its rich heritage.

Visit Smara

What to see and do in Smara

Smara, a historic city in the heart of Western Sahara, offers visitors a unique glimpse into the Sahrawi culture. Key attractions include:

The Zaouia of Smara: This historical religious complex is central to the city’s spiritual life and offers insight into its religious heritage.
The Smara Ruins: Exploring these ruins gives a poignant glimpse into the city’s past and resilience.
Local Markets: Visiting the bustling markets where you can find traditional crafts and taste local cuisine.

Additionally, engaging with local nomadic tribes can provide an authentic experience of the Sahrawi lifestyle.

Festivals and Cultural Events in Smara

One of the most significant events in Smara is the annual Smara Festival, usually held in spring. This event celebrates Sahrawi culture with music, poetry, and camel racing, drawing participants and visitors from across the region to revel in a vibrant cultural exchange.

Best time to visit Smara

The best time to visit Smara is during the cooler months from November to March when the desert heat is more tolerable, making outdoor activities and exploration more comfortable.

Is Smara worth visiting?

Smara offers a unique experience that blends historical richness with cultural depth. However, it’s essential to consider the harsh climate and remote location, which might pose challenges for some travelers. Infrastructure is modest, and amenities might not meet typical tourist expectations. Yet, for those interested in exploring off-the-beaten-path destinations and immersing in Sahrawi culture, Smara can be a worthwhile visit. It presents a poignant look at a resilient community living in a disputed territory, offering meaningful insights rather than just tourist attractions.

What type of climate can tourists expect in Smara, Western Sahara?

Smara, located in Western Sahara, experiences a desert climate, which is characterized by minimal rainfall, vast temperature differences between day and night, and generally high temperatures during the day. Tourists should prepare for daytime temperatures that can exceed 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) in the hottest months, typically from June to August. Evenings can be considerably cooler, particularly during the winter months from December to February, when night temperatures can drop close to or below 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit). It is advisable to pack light, breathable clothing, a good sun hat, strong UV-protection sunglasses, and ample sunscreen.

What are the main cultural attractions in Smara?

Smara offers a range of cultural attractions that reflect its rich history and the unique Sahrawi culture. Key attractions include the Old Spanish Church, which, despite its dilapidation, offers a glimpse into the colonial past of the region. The Smara Museum, although modest, provides insights into the local culture and history through various artifacts. Additionally, visiting the traditional markets or souks can give tourists a taste of local life, where they can observe and even participate in the traditional trading of goods such as fabrics, spices, and crafts. Cultural festivals, although infrequent, are vibrant spectacles that showcase traditional Sahrawi music, dance, and clothing.

How can tourists contribute to the local economy in Smara?

Tourists can contribute to the local economy of Smara by engaging in activities that involve the services of local businesses and communities. Shopping at local markets, dining at local restaurants, and using local guides for tours will directly benefit the economy. Additionally, purchasing local handicrafts, such as handmade jewelry, pottery, and woven items, supports the artisans directly. Tourists should be mindful of where they spend their money to ensure that it goes directly to local providers rather than international chains. Engaging with community-led tourist experiences, cultural workshops, and staying at locally-owned accommodations can also make a significant positive impact.

What language barriers might tourists face in Smara, and how can they overcome them?

In Smara, the predominant languages are Hassaniya Arabic and Standard Arabic, and to a lesser extent, Spanish. English is not widely spoken, which can present a language barrier for tourists who are not conversed in any of these languages. To overcome this, tourists can learn a few basic phrases in Arabic or Spanish, which will also be appreciated by the locals. Carrying a pocket-sized phrasebook or using language translation apps can significantly aid communication. Additionally, hiring a local guide who speaks both English and the local language can enhance the travel experience and bridge the language gap.

What are the options for accommodation in Smara?

Accommodation options in Smara are relatively modest, fitting the character of this off-the-beaten-path destination. Visitors can choose from a small selection of hotels and guesthouses that provide basic amenities. These establishments offer a comfortable stay, though they might not meet luxury standards. For those interested in a more immersive experience, there are opportunities for homestays with local families, which can also contribute economically to the host community and offer deeper cultural interactions. Booking in advance is recommended, especially during any local festivals or events which might see an increase in visitors.

What safety and travel tips are essential for visiting Smara?

When visiting Smara, it’s crucial for tourists to stay informed about the political and social environment as the area is part of a territory with ongoing territorial disputes. Key safety tips include registering travel plans with one’s embassy, staying updated with local news, and avoiding areas of unrest. Tourists should also be cautious with their belongings, avoid traveling alone at night, and use reputable transport services. Hydration is critical in the desert climate, so carrying enough water and protection against the sun is essential. Consulting travel advisories from respective governments before planning a trip is also advisable.

What local cuisines should tourists try while in Smara?

The cuisine in Smara is a delightful exploration of North African flavors, prominently featuring dishes such as couscous and tagine, cooked with local spices, meats, and vegetables. A must-try is the traditional Sahrawi tea, a mint-flavored green tea that is both a beverage and a significant element of local hospitality. Camel meat, often prepared as steaks or sausages, is a local specialty, giving visitors a taste of the indigenous dietary practices. Tourists should also take the opportunity to experience a meal in a local’s home if possible, as it provides the authentic flavors and the traditional way of dining.

Are there any unique local festivals or cultural events in Smara that tourists can attend?

While Smara is not known for large scale festivals, there are occasional cultural events that reflect the rich traditions of the Sahrawi people. One of the significant cultural events is the annual celebration of Saguia el-Hamra, a festival that includes traditional music, dance, and a showcase of nomadic tents. The events are vibrant and provide a deep insight into the Sahrawi way of life. Tourists visiting during such times can see the lively social fabric of the community and participate in the celebrations, which are a fantastic way to gain a deeper understanding of the local culture.