Basilica Cistern, Istanbul, Turkey

The Basilica Cistern, located in the heart of Istanbul, Turkey, is one of the most stunning ancient marvels of Roman engineering. Constructed in the 6th century during the reign of Emperor Justinian I, this subterranean structure was primarily built to store water for the Great Palace and nearby buildings. Today, it stands as a testament to the sophisticated water system of the Byzantine era, featuring 336 columns arranged in 12 rows, each 9 meters high. The cistern is especially famous for its hauntingly beautiful atmosphere and the two Medusa head pillars at its base.

For an enhanced experience, visit the Basilica Cistern during the early morning or late afternoon when it’s less crowded, allowing for a more serene exploration.

Consider hiring a guide or using an audio guide to fully immerse yourself in the rich history and architectural detail of this unique historical site.

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The Mystique of the Basilica Cistern

The Basilica Cistern, located in the heart of Istanbul, Turkey, is one of the most stunning historical sites in the region. Also known as Yerebatan Sarnıcı, meaning “Sunken Cistern,” this ancient structure was built in the 6th century during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. The cistern is renowned for its atmospheric beauty, vast dimensions, and remarkably preserved architecture. It lies beneath the city of Istanbul, covering nearly 9,800 square meters and capable of holding up to 80,000 cubic meters of water. Tourists flock to this site not only to witness its ghostly beauty and architectural grandeur but also to experience the surreal ambience created by its dimly lit, water-filled corridors and the sound of dripping water. The forest of 336 marble columns, each 9 meters high, adds to its grandeur, punctuated by the presence of Medusa head sculptures that act as column bases, adding a layer of myth and intrigue. The cistern’s cool and humid atmosphere offers a refreshing retreat from Istanbul’s bustling streets, making it a fascinating destination for any history buff or lover of ancient architecture.

Exploring the Depths of History

Visiting the Basilica Cistern presents a journey back in time. One can walk along the raised wooden platforms that crisscross over the water’s surface, providing an intimate look at the architectural marvels of this underground reservoir. The main attractions within the cistern are the two enigmatic Medusa heads, which are believed to be from Roman buildings of the late antiquity period. These sculptures intrigue visitors with their historical significance and the mystery behind their origin and placement. The atmospheric lighting and the gentle sound of water dripping create a surreal experience as you traverse the cistern. Additionally, concert performances occasionally held within the cistern offer an unforgettable auditory experience, taking full advantage of the site’s incredible acoustics. The combination of history, art, and sound makes the Basilica Cistern a must-see in Istanbul.

The Medusa Stone Heads

Among the most captivating highlights of the Basilica Cistern are the Medusa stone heads. These two ancient Roman sculptures are used as bases for two of the cistern’s columns, and are oriented sideways and inverted, respectively. There are many theories regarding the unusual positioning of these heads. Some scholars suggest that this placement was intended to negate the power of Medusa’s gaze, which, according to mythology, could turn onlookers to stone. Others believe it might simply be due to the repurposing of available materials when the cistern was constructed. Regardless of the reasons, the Medusa heads are not only a center of mythological interest but also exemplify the architectural recycling practices of the past. Their eerie and intriguing presence attracts numerous photographers and history enthusiasts each year.

Discover the enchanting basilica cistern

The Basilica Cistern is ideal for historical enthusiasts and cultural explorers of all ages. It offers a mesmerizing glimpse into the ancient engineering marvels of Istanbul. Visitors can expect an atmospheric journey beneath the city, where they will encounter the stunning sight of hundreds of ancient columns submerged in water, highlighted by dramatic lighting.

When is the best time to explore the basilica cistern?

Visiting the Basilica Cistern during spring or autumn offers comfortable temperatures and fewer crowds, enhancing the serene and mysterious ambiance of the site.

Special Events to Consider

Consider visiting during the Istanbul Biennial held in the fall, which often features exhibits or installations in historic sites like the Basilica Cistern.

Understanding accessibility and limitations

While the Basilica Cistern is a site rich with history, it does have certain accessibility and logistical limitations.

Accessibility

The Basilica Cistern has steps leading down into the cistern. Limited mobility access has recently been improved with the addition of ramps, but navigating in lower light might still be a challenge for some visitors.

Limitations

Flash photography is prohibited to preserve the ambiance and integrity of the environment.
Large bags and backpacks are not allowed inside and must be stored in lockers at the entrance.

Notes to visitors

It’s cooler underground, so carrying a light sweater is advisable.
The walkways can be slippery; wearing sturdy shoes is recommended.

General information

Everything you need to know for planning your visit to the Basilica Cistern.

Location

The Basilica Cistern is situated near major historical landmarks making it easily accessible to visitors exploring Istanbul’s rich history.

Address:

Alemdar Mahallesi, Yerebatan Caddesi, No:1/3, 34110 Fatih/İstanbul

Opening hours

The Basilica Cistern is open daily from 09:00 AM to 07:00 PM. Closed only during national holidays.

How to reach the basilica cistern

By Car

Driving to the Basilica Cistern is convenient, with parking available nearby.

Route	Distance	Travel time
From Istanbul Airport	20 miles (32 km)	50 minutes
From Taksim Square	3 miles (4.8 km)	20 minutes

By Public Transit

The subway and tram lines provide easy access with stops near the site.

From Istanbul Airport – Metro M1A line, approx. 60 minutes to Sultanahmet Station
From Taksim Square – Tram T1 line, approx. 25 minutes to Sultanahmet Station

Nearby attractions

While visiting the Basilica Cistern, consider these nearby attractions:

Hagia Sophia – 500 meters (0.3 miles)
Topkapi Palace – 600 meters (0.37 miles)
Blue Mosque – 450 meters (0.28 miles)

Common questions

What is the historical significance of the Basilica Cistern in Turkey?

The Basilica Cistern, also known as Yerebatan Sarayı or the Sunken Palace, holds immense historical significance. Built in the 6th century during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, it was primarily used to store water for the Great Palace and other buildings in the vicinity. It represents an extraordinary feat of engineering of its time and showcases the advanced hydraulics used by the Byzantines. The Cistern has survived centuries and is a testament to the sophistication of early civilization urban infrastructure, playing a crucial role in providing water to Constantinople (now Istanbul).

How did the Basilica Cistern get its name?

The Basilica Cistern was named so due to its proximity to the Stoa Basilica, which was a large public square on the First Hill of Constantinople. The word ‘cistern’ refers to a tank for storing water, which aptly describes its primary function. The impressive underground structure, supported by 336 columns, initially functioned as a water filtration system that supplied water to the Great Palace of Constantinople and other buildings nearby, highlighting its crucial utilitarian role during the Byzantine era.

Can I take photos inside the Basilica Cistern?

Yes, visitors are allowed to take photos inside the Basilica Cistern, but flash photography is strictly prohibited to preserve the ambiance of the setting and to protect its historical integrity. Photography is a popular activity due to the cistern’s striking architecture and the eerily beautiful reflections of the columns in the water. Be respectful of this ancient site and other visitors while capturing its stunning underground beauty.

What are some notable artifacts or features within the Basilica Cistern?

Within the vast expanse of the Basilica Cistern, several notable features and artifacts stand out: 1. Medusa Head Pillars: Two columns feature bases with the head of Medusa, positioned upside down and sideways. These are not just striking works of art but are thought to have been placed in that manner to negate the power of Medusa’s gaze, a common superstition during the era. 2. Hen’s Eye Column: This column, featuring tears carved into its base, symbolizes the hundreds of slaves who perished during the construction of the cistern. 3. The enchanting symmetry and row upon row of columns: This hypnotic alignment creates a mysterious aura that captivates visitors. Each artifact contributes to the awe-inspiring atmosphere of the cistern and underscores its importance in Byzantine architecture.

What myths or legends are associated with the Basilica Cistern?

The Basilica Cistern is shrouded in various myths and legends, with one of the most popular being about the Medusa heads. The legend proposes that the heads were purposefully placed at the base of two columns to ward off evil spirits or to neutralize the power of Medusa’s gaze, which could turn a person to stone according to Greek mythology. Another legend suggests that the cistern is the site of an ancient temple dedicated to the water nymphs. These legends add a mystical element to the cistern, enhancing its allure and historical mystique.

Are there any preservation efforts in place for the Basilica Cistern?

Yes, preservation efforts for the Basilica Cistern are managed by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, which works diligently to ensure its structural integrity and historical value. Restoration projects have been implemented over the years to address issues such as water filtration, column stability, and preservation of sculptures like the Medusa heads. Regular maintenance ensures that the atmospheric conditions within the cistern do not deteriorate its ancient stonework. These efforts emphasize the cultural and historical importance of the cistern, protecting it for future generations.

What was the original purpose of building the Basilica Cistern?

The primary purpose of building the Basilica Cistern was to meet the water needs of the burgeoning population of Constantinople, especially during the summer months and times of drought. Designed in the 6th century under the commission of Emperor Justinian I, the cistern was constructed using layers of filtering material and water collected from the Belgrade Forest, 19 kilometers away via aqueducts. It was strategically important for providing water to the Great Palace and for securing the city’s water supply in times of siege.

How can visitors best experience the Basilica Cistern?

Visitors can best experience the Basilica Cistern by: 1. Hiring a tour guide: A knowledgeable guide can provide insightful historical details and fascinating legends associated with the cistern. 2. Visiting during off-peak hours: To avoid crowds and get a serene experience, visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon. 3. Taking time to absorb the ambiance: Allow yourself to fully experience the eerie quiet and the soft, reflective water surface which are as compelling as the architecture itself. These tips can vastly enhance the experience of exploring this historic marvel.

What architectural style is the Basilica Cistern built in?

The Basilica Cistern is built in a classical Roman architectural style, which is evident from its symmetrical layout and the design of the columns. These features are characteristic of the Roman influence on Byzantine architecture during this period. The cistern’s columns, which are made of various types of marbles, are marked by Corinthian and Doric-style capitals, highlighting the mixed architectural influences at the time of its construction. This unique blend of styles has contributed to its lasting architectural significance and appeal.

Are there any visitor facilities at the Basilica Cistern?

Yes, the Basilica Cistern is well-equipped with visitor facilities to enhance guest experience. These include: – Lighting and walkways: Strategically placed lighting illuminates the cistern’s magnificent architecture, and raised walkways allow guests to navigate the space comfortably and safely. – Information plaques: These are posted around to give visitors insights into the cistern’s history and architecture. – Cafe and gift shop: A small cafe offers refreshments, and a gift shop sells memorabilia, providing visitors with a chance to take a piece of history home. These facilities help ensure a convenient and informative visit to one of Istanbul’s most cherished historical sites.

How long does a typical visit to the Basilica Cistern take?

A typical visit to the Basilica Cistern usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes. The cistern, while expansive, can be thoroughly experienced in this time frame as the main walkway covers most of the accessible parts. Visitors should consider the time spent in queues, especially during peak tourist seasons, which might extend the overall duration of the visit. Taking a guided tour or visiting during less busy hours can help maximize the experience within this timeframe.

What conservation challenges does the Basilica Cistern face?

The Basilica Cistern faces several conservation challenges such as water leakage, humidity control, and preserving the integrity of its ancient columns and stonework. Its underground location makes it susceptible to seepage and flooding, which can deteriorate the masonry over time. Additionally, managing the moisture levels is crucial to prevent algae formation and structural decay. These issues require continuous monitoring and precise restoration efforts to maintain the cistern’s condition and preserve it for future generations.

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"The Basilica Cistern offers a unique glimpse into history with its serene and mystical atmosphere."

Is the Basilica Cistern in Istanbul worth visiting?

When exploring Istanbul, the Basilica Cistern emerges as a compelling attraction, notable for its rich history and unique architectural features. Originally built to store water for the Byzantine palace, the cistern is now a popular tourist destination. Visitors are often captivated by the atmospheric lighting and the sound of dripping water, which together create a serene yet eerie ambiance.

The site’s highlights include the Medusa head columns, which not only add a touch of mystery but also offer a great insight into Roman art and mythology. However, it should be noted that those with mobility issues might find the uneven pathways challenging. Despite this, the Basilica Cistern holds significant historical value and offers a unique experience, unlike any other typical tourist spot. It is a must-visit for those interested in history, architecture or seeking something different from the usual tourist attractions.

Basilica Cistern