Homs, Syria

Located in central Syria, Homs is a city steeped in history and culture, offering a unique blend of ancient and medieval sites. Known as the “Capital of the Revolution” during the Syrian conflict, it has shown resilience and the promise of renewal. Visitors can explore the historic Old City, the Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque, and the remnants of Roman architecture. Homs also serves as a gateway to the Krak des Chevaliers, a Crusader castle of significant historical importance and a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Remember to respect the local customs and traditions when visiting Homs, as it is a place with a deep-seated cultural and historical significance.

Plan a visit during the spring or fall for pleasant weather, as the summers can be very hot and winters quite cold, affecting travel comfort.

How to best experience Homs?

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Homs: The City of Ancient Echoes

Country
Syria

Time in Homs
GMT+2

Language spoken
Arabic

Population
1,202,000 (estimated, World Population Review 2023)

Currency
Syrian Pound (SYP, £)

Airports
Bassel Al-Assad International Airport (55 mi / 89 km).

Homs, a city steeped in history, stands as a vital cultural and economic hub in Syria. Known for its ancient roots and architectural landmarks, the city’s history stretches back millennia and reflects a vibrant tableau of the various civilizations that have flourished here. From the times of the Roman Empire through the Islamic era, Homs has borne witness to a multitude of historic moments, including significant battles and cultural exchanges that have shaped the region and the broader world.

The city’s importance is not only historical but also strategic, as it lies at the core of Syria’s road network, connecting major cities across the country and facilitating trade and communication. The tragic events of the Syrian Civil War brought international attention to Homs, highlighting both its resilience and the grave challenges it faced during the conflict.

Today, Homs is on a path of rebuilding, striving to restore its heritage sites and revive its pre-war economic vitality. The city’s resilience in the face of hardship serves as a testament to the enduring spirit of its people. The historic marketplaces of Homs, once bustling with activity, are gradually resuming their role as centers of commerce and social life, offering a glimpse into the traditional Syrian lifestyle while adapting to modern needs.

Where is Homs?

Situated in central-western Syria, Homs lies along the Orontes River, acting as a pivotal link between the interior regions and the Mediterranean sea.

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
Damascus to Homs	102 miles (164 km)	2 hours, 10 minutes
Aleppo to Homs	126 miles (202 km)	2 hours, 35 minutes
Latakia to Homs	90 miles (145 km)	2 hours

What is Homs famous for?

Homs is renowned for its rich historical legacy, featuring sites like the ancient ruins of Emesa and the iconic Norias of Homs—grand water wheels that are a testament to classical engineering.

History

Ancient Origins

The history of Homs, known anciently as Emesa, is a storied chronicle that extends back to the dawn of civilization. Archaeological findings suggest that the area was inhabited as early as the Neolithic era. Emesa originally flourished as a strategic trade center due to its location on the Silk Road, facilitating robust exchanges between different cultures and civilizations.

Classical Antiquity (1000 BC – AD 600)

During the Classical period, Homs became significantly important under the Roman Empire after it was officially annexed in 64 BC. The city gained fame for its grand Temple of El-Gabal, which housed the Emesene deity Elagabalus. Several Roman emperors, including Alexander Severus, whose mother hailed from the city, patronized Homs, enhancing its architectural and cultural landscape.

Islamic and Crusader Periods (AD 630 – AD 1300)

With the advent of Islam, Homs played a critical role in the early Islamic conquests and served as a crucial center for the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. The city was also a focal point during the Crusades, often changing hands between Christian crusaders and Muslim rulers, which added layers of historical and architectural diversity to its heritage.

Ottoman Era and French Mandate (AD 1516 – 1946)

Homs continued to prosper under Ottoman rule following its incorporation into the empire in 1516. During this era, the city experienced architectural growth and demographic expansion. Later, during the French Mandate after World War I, Homs became a major industrial center, furthering its economic significance in modern Syria.

Contemporary Era (1946 – Present)

Since Syria’s independence in 1946, Homs has been a key economic and educational hub. However, the city has faced significant challenges during the Syrian Civil War, undergoing considerable damage and humanitarian crises. Today, efforts are underway to rebuild and restore the resilience of this historic city, preserving its rich heritage for future generations.

Visit Homs

What to See and Do in Homs

Exploring Homs offers a glimpse into its rich tapestry of history and culture. Key attractions include the historic marketplaces bustling with life, the imposing citadel, and the several ornate religious sites like the Khalid ibn al-Walib Mosque. Visitors can enrich their experience by exploring:

The ruins of the ancient city of Palmyra
The traditional souks and bazaars
Archaeological Museum of Homs

These landmarks highlight the city’s historical and cultural significance, making Homs a captivating destination for history enthusiasts and cultural explorers.

Festive Traditions of Homs

Homs hosts several cultural and religious festivals throughout the year, reflecting the city’s rich heritage and vibrant community life. Notable events include the Homs Culture Festival typically held in spring, celebrating local arts, crafts, and performances, and religious observances that reflect the diverse beliefs of its residents.

Best Time to Visit Homs

The ideal time to visit Homs is during spring (March to May) or autumn (September to November), when the weather is most pleasant, allowing for comfortable exploration of its historical sites and participation in local events.

Is Homs Worth Visiting?

Homs, with its deep historical roots and cultural landmarks, offers a unique journey through time. Although the recent conflicts have posed challenges, the city’s efforts to rebuild and restore its historical sites are commendable. Visitors interested in the rich history of the Levant will find Homs enlighten. However, it’s advisable to check current travel advisories and local conditions as part of trip planning.

What are the safety precautions for tourists visiting Homs, Syria?

As of the last update, it is essential for tourists considering a visit to Homs to check their home country’s travel advisories due to ongoing regional instabilities. Tourists should engage with reputable local tour operators who understand the current safety landscape. It is advisable to avoid areas of unrest, and always have a communication plan. Staying informed about the local news and coordinating with embassy services for up-to-date advice and assistance while in Syria is crucial.

What are some local culinary specialties in Homs?

Homs offers a rich culinary landscape reflective of its cultural heritage. Key dishes include stuffed grape leaves known as “Mahshi,” a variety of kebabs, and “Kibbeh,” meat mixed with bulgur and spices. For vegetarians, “Fatteh,” a dish made from chickpeas, yogurt, and crisped bread, is a favorite. Desserts such as “Halawet El-Jibn,” a sweet cheese dessert, are popular. Sampling these local specialties at traditional restaurants will provide an authentic taste of Homsi cuisine.

Where can tourists find traditional handicrafts in Homs?

Tourists interested in traditional handicrafts should visit the local markets and bazaars in Homs. These venues offer various handcrafted items including textiles, pottery, and jewelry reflective of the rich Syrian artistic heritage. The Old City area, though heavily impacted by recent conflicts, still houses shops where artisans sell their crafts. Purchasing these items not only provides tourists with unique souvenirs but also supports the local economy and the artisans’ communities.

How can visitors respectfully engage with cultural sites in Homs?

When visiting cultural sites in Homs, it is important for tourists to dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees, in respect of the local customs. Photography may be restricted at certain sites, especially religious ones, so always ask for permission before taking photos. Tourists should also be mindful of maintaining silence or speaking softly when visiting these sites to avoid disturbances and to show respect for others who might be there for religious reasons.

What are the main landmarks in Homs?

Homs hosts several key landmarks which include the historical Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque noted for its striking architecture and religious significance. The Old Clock Tower and the Umari Mosque are also notable landmarks. Additionally, the ancient ruins of the city of Palmyra (Tadmur), though located outside Homs, are considered part of the region’s historic allure and are a UNESCO World Heritage site worthy of a day trip.

Are there guided tours available in Homs?

Yes, guided tours are available in Homs, which help provide deeper insights into the city’s rich history and culture. These tours are facilitated by local guides knowledgeable in the history, architecture, and cultural contexts of the area. Tourists can usually book these tours through travel agencies or local tourism offices. Additionally, some hotels in Homs might also offer personalized tour services for their guests.

What is the best time of year to visit Homs?

The best time to visit Homs is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) months. During these periods, the weather is mild and conducive for exploring the outdoors and historical sites. Summers can be extremely hot, which might not be comfortable for some tourists, while winters are generally cold and rainy, which can affect travel plans and outdoor activities.

What languages are commonly spoken in Homs? Is English widely understood?

Arabic is the official language spoken in Homs. Kurdish, Turkmen, and Armenian might also be heard due to the diverse demographic. English is usually understood in tourist-frequented areas such as hotels, major restaurants, and among tour guides. It’s beneficial for tourists to learn some basic Arabic phrases to navigate less touristy areas and to show respect and appreciation for the local culture.

Country	Syria
Time in Homs	GMT+2
Language spoken	Arabic
Population	1,202,000 (estimated, World Population Review 2023)
Currency	Syrian Pound (SYP, £)
Airports	Bassel Al-Assad International Airport (55 mi / 89 km).