Kandy, Sri Lanka

Kandy, the cultural capital of Sri Lanka, elegantly nests among the hills of the island’s central province. Renowned for its rich history and spiritual significance, the city is home to the Temple of the Tooth Relic, a sacred Buddhist site that asserts great religious fervor. The serene Kandy Lake offers a picturesque setting, while the annual Esala Perahera festival brings vibrant processions of elephants, traditional dancers, and drummers, creating a mesmerizing spectacle. With its lush greenery and cooler climate, Kandy offers a refreshing retreat from the tropical coastlines of Sri Lanka.

When visiting Kandy, arrive early at the Temple of the Tooth Relic to avoid the crowds and experience a more personal connection with this sacred site.

Plan your visit during the Esala Perahera festival to witness Kandy’s grandest cultural spectacle, which vividly showcases the rich traditions of Sri Lanka.

How to best experience Kandy?

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Kandy: The Heart of Sri Lankan Heritage

Country
Sri Lanka

Time in Kandy
GMT+5:30

Language spoken
Sinhalese

Population
125,400 (source: World Population Review)

Currency
Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR ₨)

Airports
Polgolla Reservoir Airport (6 mi / 10 km)

Kandy, Sri Lanka’s cultural capital, illustrates a glorious mix of history and modernity. Nestled among the hills in the Central Province, Kandy is famed for the Temple of the Tooth Relic, which houses a sacred tooth of the Buddha. This city, a UNESCO World Heritage site, thrives with ancient arts, cultural spectacles, and a vibrant local community.

Kandy’s history stretches back to the 15th century when it was the last royal capital of Sri Lanka. The city’s strategic location and its resilience against colonial forces are legendary. The annual Esala Perahera festival, which features a parade of elephants decked in glittering costumes, traditional dancers, and drummers, continually attracts visitors and locals alike, embodying the city’s spiritual and cultural significance.

The city is not only a trove of historical artifacts and traditions but also provides a gateway to exploring the lush, green mountains surrounding the area. The Royal Botanical Gardens, just west of the city, is renowned for its collection of orchids and a stately avenue of royal palms. In downtown Kandy, the Kandy Lake offers a peaceful escape from the city’s busyness, with paths winding around the scenic lake, ideal for evening strolls or morning jogs.

Beyond traditional arts and historical architecture, Kandy is also a hub for education and local crafts. Several markets in the city offer intricately designed handicrafts, while local eateries provide glimpses into Sri Lanka’s culinary diversity, with dishes flavored with coconut, spices, and aromatic rice.

Visitors to Kandy leave with enriched senses and a deep appreciation for the complexities of Sri Lanka’s history and its ongoing cultural narratives. Whether it’s strolling through the historic sites, participating in vivid festivals or just enjoying the natural beauty, Kandy offers an experience that is both profound and enchanting.

Where is Kandy?

Located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka, Kandy is nestled amongst the country’s hilly interior, rich in both history and biodiversity.

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
Colombo to Kandy	72 miles (116 km)	3 hours
Galle to Kandy	126 miles (203 km)	4 hours 30 minutes

What is Kandy famous for?

Kandy is most renowned for the Temple of the Tooth Relic, one of Buddhism’s most sacred sites. The city is also known for its vibrant Esala Perahera festival, rich history, and scenic lake.

History

Up to 1592: Ancient Beginnings and the Kandyan Kingdom

Kandy, known in ancient times as Senkadagalapura, has a rich history that traces back to the 14th century. Originally a part of the Kingdom of Gampola, Kandy became prominent under the reign of King Vickramabahu III. The city gained significant importance as the capital of the last Sinhalese Kingdom after the coastal regions fell to colonial powers. The Kingdom of Kandy was renowned for its fierce resistance against both Portuguese and Dutch colonization, maintaining its independence for centuries longer than other parts of the island.

1592-1815: The Era of Independence and European Encroachments

During this period, Kandy stood as a beacon of resistance and independence. The Kandyan kings fortified the city’s defenses and preserved the unique traditions and culture despite repeated attempts by European powers to conquer it. The kingdom’s isolationist policies allowed it to sustain its indigenous heritage and resist foreign domination, making Kandy a symbol of national pride. Key events include the construction of the Temple of the Tooth, which houses the sacred relic of the tooth of the Buddha, becoming a major religious and cultural landmark.

1815-Present: Colonial Rule to Modern Era

The British succeeded where the Portuguese and Dutch had failed, capturing Kandy in 1815 and integrating it into their Ceylon colony. This marked the end of the Kandyan Kingdom’s independence. During British rule, Kandy transformed significantly with the introduction of modern infrastructure, including roads and railways that connected it with other parts of the island. Post-independence in 1948, Kandy continued to thrive as a cultural and spiritual center in Sri Lanka. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage city, celebrated for its historical significance and well-preserved heritage sites.

Visit Kandy

What to see and do in Kandy

Kandy, a city steeped in history and culture, offers a plethora of attractions and activities for visitors. The Temple of the Tooth is a must-see, revered as one of the most sacred Buddhist pilgrimage sites. Explore the Royal Botanical Gardens in Peradeniya, which boasts a vast collection of tropical flora and an orchid house. Culture enthusiasts will enjoy visiting the Kandy Lake, built in 1807 by King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe, and strolling around the lake’s peaceful path. The city’s vibrant cultural dance shows offer a glimpse into the traditional Kandyan dance forms. For a shopping experience, the Kandy City Centre and local markets provide a variety of arts, crafts, and souvenirs.

Temple of the Tooth
Royal Botanical Gardens
Kandy Lake and cultural dance shows
Shopping in Kandy City Centre

Festivals and Events in Kandy

The Esala Perahera, one of Sri Lanka’s grandest festivals, is held annually in July or August in Kandy. This spectacular event features dancers, jugglers, musicians, fire-breathers, and lavishly decorated elephants parading through the streets, making it a truly mesmerizing spectacle. The Kandy Arts Festival, another notable event, showcases local arts, crafts, and cultural performances, drawing visitors and locals alike.

Best time to visit Kandy

The best time to visit Kandy is during the dry season, from January to April, when the weather is most favorable for exploring the city and its surroundings. This period also avoids the heavier monsoon rains and coincides with various local festivities, providing an authentic insight into Kandy’s rich culture.

Is Kandy worth visiting?

Kandy is unquestionably worth visiting for anyone interested in culture, history, and nature. The city’s historical landmarks, combined with its cultural heritage and scenic surroundings, offer a comprehensive travel experience. However, visitors should be prepared for crowded conditions during major festivals like the Esala Perahera. Despite these challenges, Kandy’s unique offerings and the warmth of its people make it a rewarding destination.

What are the best ways to experience the botanical gardens in Kandy?

Kandy is home to the renowned Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya, which is a must-visit for tourists. To fully experience the botanical gardens, consider taking a guided tour, as expert guides can provide insightful information about the plant species and the history of the gardens. Alternatively, you can explore at your own pace by walking or renting a bicycle. Make sure to visit the Orchid House, which houses an impressive collection of exotic orchids. For a more immersive experience, plan a picnic in one of the designated areas overlooking the Mahaweli River. The gardens also host occasional cultural shows and exhibitions, which can enhance your visit.

What are some traditional foods to try in Kandy?

While in Kandy, experiencing the local cuisine is a delight for food lovers. Essential dishes include “rice and curry,” a staple meal that consists of rice served with a variety of curries including vegetables, fish, or meat. Do not miss the chance to try “kottu roti,” a popular street food made by stir-frying chopped flatbread, vegetables, egg, and optional meats with spices. For a sweet treat, sample the “watalappan,” a coconut custard pudding flavored with jaggery and spices. Exploring the street food stalls or local eateries will give you a taste of authentic Kandyan flavors.

What souvenir items are unique to Kandy?

Kandy offers a variety of unique souvenirs that reflect its rich heritage and culture. Traditional handicrafts such as lacquerware, hand-woven textiles, and batik clothing are popular choices. The Kandy market is a great place to find beautifully crafted silver and brassware. Another distinctive souvenir from Kandy is Ceylon tea, which can be purchased fresh from local tea shops. For those interested in jewelry, consider buying sapphires or other precious stones, as Sri Lanka is known for its high-quality gemstones. Always look for certified dealers to ensure authenticity.

Where can I learn about the traditional crafts of Kandy?

To learn about the traditional crafts of Kandy, visit the local craft villages where artisans produce and sell their work, including weaving, brassware, and jewelry making. The Kandy City Centre shopping complex and the area around the Temple of the Tooth also host shops and stalls showcasing local arts and crafts. Attending a cultural show in Kandy will not only entertain but also provide insights into the traditional Kandyan dance and music, which often feature elaborate handmade costumes and instruments.

How can visitors respect local customs and traditions in Kandy?

When visiting Kandy, it is essential to respect local customs and traditions to ensure a harmonious experience. Dress modestly, especially when entering religious sites like the Temple of the Tooth; covering shoulders and legs is recommended. Always remove your shoes before entering a temple. When interacting with locals, use polite language and be courteous in your actions. It is also considered respectful to accept offerings or food with your right hand. Understanding and adhering to these practices will enhance your experience and help maintain the local cultural integrity.

What are the options for eco-tourism in Kandy?

Kandy is an excellent base for eco-tourism, with options ranging from forest hikes to garden tours. The Udawattakele Forest Reserve offers guided walks where you can learn about the flora and fauna of Sri Lanka. For those interested in agriculture, visiting a local tea plantation can provide insights into sustainable farming practices and the chance to participate in tea picking. Eco-lodges and sustainable tours are available around Kandy, providing experiences that aim to minimize environmental impact and support conservation efforts.

Can you describe a typical day in Kandy for a tourist?

A typical day for a tourist in Kandy might start with a visit to the Temple of the Tooth, attending the morning puja to observe local religious traditions. Following that, one could explore the Royal Botanical Gardens at Peradenium to enjoy its lush landscapes. Lunch might consist of a traditional Sri Lankan meal at a local restaurant. In the afternoon, consider visiting a craft village to see local artisans at work. End the day with a leisurely stroll around Kandy Lake, watching the sunset, before heading to a cultural show featuring traditional Kandyan dance.

What are the best local markets to visit in Kandy for authentic shopping experiences?

For an authentic shopping experience in Kandy, the Kandy Central Market is a vibrant place where you can find everything from fresh produce to local spices and handicrafts. The market is bustling with locals and offers a true taste of Kandyan life. Another recommended spot is the Waruna Antiques Gallery, where you can browse an exquisite collection of traditional Sri Lankan items like masks, furniture, and jewelry. These markets not only provide unique products but also the opportunity to interact with local vendors and learn more about the culture and traditions of Kandy.

Country	Sri Lanka
Time in Kandy	GMT+5:30
Language spoken	Sinhalese
Population	125,400 (source: World Population Review)
Currency	Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR ₨)
Airports	Polgolla Reservoir Airport (6 mi / 10 km)