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Medina, the second holiest city in Islam, is a profound blend of spiritual solemnity and historical richness located in Saudi Arabia. Known as the city of the Prophet, Medina is where Muhammad migrated before finding the Muslim community. This sacred city is not only a focal point for Islamic pilgracies but also a repository of significant Islamic landmarks like the Prophet’s Mosque, Al-Baqi Cemetery, and Quba Mosque. Being a pivotal hub for Islamic teachings and history, it offers an immersive experience into divine devotion and a deep understanding of the religion’s heritage.
Consider visiting Medina outside of the Hajj period to avoid the peak crowds and experience a more personal spiritual journey.
Allocate time to visit lesser-known but profoundly significant sites such as the Uhud Mountain and the Seven Mosques for a complete historical experience.
How to best experience Medina?
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Medina: A City Steeped in History and Spirituality
| Country | Saudi Arabia |
| Time in Medina | GMT+3 |
| Language spoken | Arabic |
| Population | 1,488,782 (World Population Review) |
| Currency | Saudi Riyal (SAR ر) |
| Airports |
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Medina, located in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, is the second holiest city in Islam and a major pilgrimage destination. Its significance stems from the Islamic Prophet Muhammad’s migration to Medina in 622 CE, which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. The city is home to the Prophet’s Mosque, al-Masjid an-Nabawi, where Muhammad is buried, making it a key religious site.
Surrounded by mountains and desert, Medina’s climate is characterized by hot summers and mild winters, making it a year-round destination for millions of Muslims. Its deep historical roots are visible in its well-preserved Islamic architecture, antique shops, and old bazaars which contrast sharply with its modern urban sectors.
The city’s economy thrives not only on religious tourism but also on the cultivation of fruits like dates, which are a staple in local cuisine and exported worldwide. Moreover, Medina has been a focal point for educational and intellectual pursuits within Saudi Arabia, hosting a number of universities and Islamic scholars. The convergence of historical reverence and modern progress defines the vibrant character of Medina today.
Where is Medina?
Medina is positioned in the western region of Saudi Arabia, nestled between mountains and desert landscapes.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| Riyadh to Medina | 560 miles (901 km) | Approx. 8 hours |
| Jeddah to Medina | 220 miles (354 km) | Approx. 4 hours |
| Mecca to Medina | 270 miles (435 km) | Approx. 4.5 hours |
What is Medina famous for?
Medina is renowned as the Prophet Muhammad’s final resting place, housing the expansive and magnificent al-Masjid an-Nabawi (Prophet’s Mosque) which is a site of immense religious significance and attracts millions of pilgrims yearly.
History
Pre-Islamic Era
Medina, initially known as Yathrib, has been inhabited since the 6th century BCE, primarily by Jewish tribes and a few Arab clans. The region was fertile, making it a hub for agriculture and thus an important settlement in the harsh desert landscape of Arabia.
622 CE: The Hijra
Medina’s significant history began when the Prophet Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Yathrib in 622 CE, an event known as the Hijra. Upon his arrival, the city was renamed “Medinat an-Nabi” (City of the Prophet), later shortened to Medina. This migration marked the starting point of the Islamic calendar and heralded major social and religious changes in the city.
7th-12th Century: Islamic Expansion and Development
After the Prophet’s death in 632 CE, Medina became the seat of the first Islamic caliphates, playing a crucial role in the spread of Islam across the Middle East. The city witnessed construction of many mosques and educational institutions, making it a center for Islamic learning and theology.
16th Century: Ottoman Rule
In 1517, the Ottomans took control of Medina, integrating it into their vast empire. They constructed the renowned Hejaz Railway connecting Medina with Damascus to facilitate the transport of pilgrims coming for the Hajj.
20th Century: Modernization
Medina underwent significant changes in the 20th century when Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932. Modern infrastructure developments were introduced, facilitating better services for the increasing number of pilgrims visiting the city each year.
21st Century: Contemporary Developments
The Saudi government launched several projects to accommodate the growing number of visitors and to maintain the city’s religious significance. These include expanding the Prophet’s Mosque and improving transportation and accommodation facilities.
Visit Medina
What to see and do in Medina
Medina offers a deep spiritual experience and a rich historical tapestry for visitors. Key attractions include:
- The Prophet’s Mosque (Al-Masjid an-Nabawi): This is the second holiest site in Islam, known for its Green Dome and the Rawdah, which holds the tomb of Prophet Muhammad.
- Quba Mosque: The first mosque built in the history of Islam, it’s highly recommended to visit and pray here if possible.
- Qiblatain Mosque: Famous for having two mihrabs, one pointing to Jerusalem and the other towards Mecca.
- Uhud Mountain: Site of the famous Battle of Uhud, significant in Islamic history, with tours often available to explore its historical context.
- Medina Museum: Explore the city’s rich history and Islamic culture through various exhibits and artifacts.
Annual Spiritual Gatherings in Medina
The most significant event in Medina is the Hajj pilgrimage, culminating in the Eid al-Adha celebrations. Occurring annually during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah, this event draws millions of Muslims from around the world. Smaller events include weekly Friday prayers at the Prophet’s Mosque, which are a spectacle in their own right.
Best time to visit Medina
The best time to visit Medina is during the cooler months from November to February. This period avoids the extreme summer heat and coincides with the pilgrimage season of Umrah, offering a vibrant atmosphere while still being less crowded than during Hajj.
is Medina worth visiting?
Medina is highly worth visiting for those interested in the profound roots of Islamic culture and early Islamic history. It offers an unparalleled spiritual experience at the Prophet’s Mosque amidst a city that has balanced its rich history with modern necessities. However, non-Muslim visitors are restricted from entering the core sacred areas, which might limit the experience for some tourists. Additionally, the city can be extremely crowded during pilgrimage seasons, posing challenges in terms of accommodation and transportation.