Réunion’s history is as diverse as its landscapes. Discovered in the early 16th century by Portuguese explorers, it became a French colony in the 17th century. Over time, the island became a melting pot of cultures due to the influx of African, Chinese, Indian, and Malagasy immigrants, each bringing their unique traditions and culinary delights.
Tourists to Réunion are often drawn to its natural beauty. The dramatic volcanic landscapes of Piton de la Fournaise, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, beckon adventure seekers. In contrast, the serene lagoons and coral reefs offer a tranquil escape for those looking to unwind. Trekkers find solace in the island’s three calderas, remnants of extinct volcanoes, which provide challenging and scenic hiking trails.
The island is not just about breathtaking landscapes. Its Creole culture, a blend of French and indigenous traditions, adds to the island’s charm. From the lively rhythms of séga music to the mouthwatering fusion cuisine, Réunion offers a cultural experience like no other. A visit during one of the many local festivals, celebrating everything from music to religious traditions, ensures an immersive journey into the island’s rich heritage.
Before the 17th Century – An Uninhabited Island
Réunion, despite being located in a region frequented by sailors and traders, remained uninhabited until the 17th century. Arab traders were aware of its existence and mentioned it in ancient records, but no settlements were established. Portuguese explorer Diogo Dias sighted the island in the early 16th century, naming it Santa Apolónia, but no efforts were made to colonize or explore it further.
1638 – 1690s – French Colonization and Initial Settlements
The French East India Company claimed Réunion for France in 1638, renaming it Île Bourbon. However, colonization efforts only began in the 1660s when King Louis XIV ordered the establishment of a French post on the island. The first French settlers arrived in 1665, and the island soon became a stopover point for ships traveling between Europe and the East Indies.
Slavery was introduced during this period, with slaves being brought from East Africa and Madagascar to work on coffee and sugar plantations. The island’s economy and society became deeply rooted in this system, setting the stage for future socio-economic developments.
18th Century – Economic Growth and Name Changes
Réunion saw significant economic growth during the 18th century, with its sugar plantations becoming a vital part of the French colonial economy. The island was renamed Réunion in 1793 after the fall of the House of Bourbon during the French Revolution. However, it was again renamed Bonaparte Island during the Napoleonic era, only to be reverted back to Réunion after Napoleon’s defeat.
19th Century – Abolition of Slavery and Economic Diversification
The 19th century marked a significant turning point for Réunion. Slavery was abolished in 1848, leading to the importation of indentured laborers from India, China, and other parts of Asia. These new communities added to the island’s cultural diversity and influenced its socio-cultural landscape.
With the decline of the sugar industry towards the end of the century, Réunion began to diversify its economy. Vanilla cultivation became a significant industry, and the island started to develop its infrastructure, with roads and ports seeing improvement.
20th Century – Political Changes and Modernization
In the 20th century, Réunion underwent significant political and economic transformations. It became a French overseas department in 1946, giving its inhabitants full French citizenship and representation in the French Parliament. This change ushered in a period of modernization, with increased investment from mainland France, leading to the development of education, healthcare, and infrastructure on the island.
However, the latter half of the century saw social unrest and calls for increased autonomy or even independence. These movements, though impactful, did not lead to secession, and Réunion remained an integral part of France.
21st Century – Contemporary Developments
Today, Réunion is a unique blend of cultures, a result of its rich history and diverse population. The island faces challenges like unemployment and social disparities, but it also stands as a symbol of multiculturalism and resilience. Efforts are being made to boost the island’s economy, especially in sectors like tourism, which capitalize on its natural beauty, vibrant culture, and historical landmarks. As a meeting point of different civilizations, Réunion remains a testimony to the interwoven tapestry of human history in the Indian Ocean.
What are the main attractions in Réunion?
Réunion is known for its stunning natural beauty and diverse outdoor activities. Some of the main attractions include: – Piton de la Fournaise: This active volcano is a must-visit for adventurers and nature enthusiasts. You can hike to the crater and witness breathtaking views. – Cirque de Cilaos: A picturesque mountain town famous for its thermal baths, hiking trails, and canyoning opportunities. – Le Maido: This viewpoint offers breathtaking panoramic views of the island’s three cirques (volcanic valleys) and is especially popular for sunrise and sunset viewings. – Trou de Fer: A magnificent waterfall nestled in a lush canyon, accessible via a scenic helicopter flight or a challenging hike. – Plage de l’Ermitage: One of the island’s most beautiful beaches, offering white sand, crystal-clear waters, and a coral reef ideal for snorkeling. – Jardin de l’État: A botanical garden located in Saint-Denis, featuring a wide variety of tropical plants and trees. – Les Makes: A village located in the highlands of Réunion, known for its paragliding, hiking trails, and observatory. – Grand Bassin: Considered a sacred place by the local Hindu community, this natural lake is surrounded by lush vegetation and offers a serene atmosphere. – Saint-Gilles-les-Bains: A bustling coastal town known for its beautiful beaches, lively nightlife, and water sports activities. – Cilaos Thermal Center: Relax and rejuvenate in the natural hot springs and thermal pools of Cilaos. – Kelonia: A sea turtle observatory and conservation center, where visitors can learn about and observe various species of turtles. – Saint-Pierre Market: A vibrant market where you can find local produce, spices, handicrafts, and delicious street food.
What are some outdoor activities to do in Réunion?
Réunion offers a wide range of outdoor activities for adventure seekers and nature lovers. Here are some popular options: – Hiking: With a network of well-maintained trails, Réunion is a hiker’s paradise. From easy coastal walks to challenging routes up the volcano, there is something for all skill levels. – Canyoning: Explore Réunion’s canyons with thrilling activities like abseiling, jumping into natural pools, and navigating through cascades and waterfalls. – Paragliding: Soar above the island and enjoy breathtaking aerial views of mountains, coastline, and forests. Les Makes is a popular spot for paragliding enthusiasts. – Scuba Diving and Snorkeling: Discover the vibrant marine life and coral reefs surrounding Réunion. Plage de l’Ermitage and Saint-Gilles-les-Bains are great locations for underwater adventures. – Surfing: Head to the western coast of the island, where you’ll find excellent surfing spots such as Saint-Leu and Saint-Pierre. The waves are suitable for all levels, from beginners to experienced surfers. – Helicopter Tours: Experience Réunion from a unique perspective with a scenic helicopter ride. Fly over the island’s stunning landscapes, including the volcano, cirques, and waterfalls. – Mountain Biking: Navigate thrilling bike trails and enjoy the scenic beauty of Réunion’s landscapes. There are trails suitable for all levels of expertise. – Whale Watching: If you visit Réunion between June and October, you might have the chance to witness the magnificent humpback whales during their migration. – Rock Climbing: Adventure enthusiasts can test their skills on the island’s rocky cliffs and indulge in rock climbing activities. – Horseback Riding: Explore Réunion’s lush landscapes and mountainous terrain on horseback. This is a scenic and relaxing way to immerse yourself in the island’s natural beauty. Remember to follow safety guidelines and seek professional guidance for certain activities.
What are the must-try dishes in Réunion?
Réunion is a melting pot of diverse cultures, which is reflected in its cuisine. Here are some must-try dishes: – Rougail Saucisse: A traditional dish made with sausages, tomatoes, onions, and various spices, served with steamed rice. – Cari: A flavorful and spicy Creole dish usually made with meat (chicken, pork, or fish), along with onions, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and other aromatic spices. It is often served with rice or grains. – Samoussas: These delicious triangular pastries are filled with a mixture of meat, vegetables, and spices, then deep-fried until crispy. – Boucané: Smoked pork, marinated in a spicy sauce and grilled to perfection. It is often served with beans, lentils, or rice. – Carry Poisson: A fish curry cooked in a rich tomato-based sauce with garlic, ginger, and spices. – Bonbons Piments: Spicy lentil fritters, typically served as a snack or appetizer. – Salmi Boucané: A slow-cooked dish made with smoked pork, tomatoes, onions, and garlic. It is usually served with rice or beans. – Ti’ Punch: Réunion’s version of a traditional Caribbean cocktail, made with rum, lime juice, and sugar. – Tarte à la Banane: A delicious banana tart, made with local bananas and a sweet pastry crust. – Cari Bichique: A seasonal delicacy made with tiny freshwater fish called bichique, cooked in a spicy sauce with local spices. – Pti’ Cari Poul: A small chicken curry, often cooked with potatoes and served with rice. – Fruit Salad: Réunion is known for its exotic fruits like mangoes, lychees, and papayas. A refreshing fruit salad is a perfect way to end a meal.
What is the best time to visit Réunion?
The best time to visit Réunion depends on your preferences and the activities you plan to do. The island has a subtropical climate with two distinct seasons: – Dry Season (May to November): This is considered the best time to visit Réunion for outdoor activities like hiking and exploring. The weather is generally cooler, with less rainfall. However, keep in mind that the Piton de la Fournaise volcano is more likely to be active during this season, which can affect access to certain areas. – Wet Season (December to April): The wet season brings more rainfall, but also lush vegetation and vibrant landscapes. It’s a great time for waterfall sightseeing and enjoying the island’s greenery. The east coast of the island tends to be rainier than the west coast during this time. If you plan to hike or engage in outdoor activities, it’s recommended to visit during the dry season. However, regardless of the season, Réunion offers unique and diverse experiences throughout the year.
What are the best beaches in Réunion?
Réunion boasts some stunning beaches showcasing its natural beauty. Here are some of the best beaches to visit: – Plage de l’Ermitage: Located on the west coast, this beach offers white sand, crystalline waters, and a coral reef perfect for snorkeling. It is one of the most popular and family-friendly beaches on the island. – Plage de Boucan Canot: Another beautiful beach on the west coast, known for its clear turquoise waters and fine golden sand. It is surrounded by lush vegetation and is a great spot for swimming and sunbathing. – Saint-Gilles-les-Bains: This vibrant coastal town is home to several beautiful beaches, including L’Hermitage, La Saline, and Roches Noires. Each beach has its unique charm and offers stunning tropical landscapes. – Plage de Grande Anse: Located in the south of Réunion, this secluded beach is surrounded by cliffs and lush vegetation. It is a peaceful and picturesque spot for relaxation and sunbathing. – Plage de Trou d’Eau: Situated between Saint-Gilles-les-Bains and Boucan Canot, this beach is known for its natural shallow lagoon, making it ideal for swimming and snorkeling. It’s a great place to spot colorful fish and coral. – Plage de Saint-Pierre: Located on the south-west coast, this beach has a lively atmosphere, with beachfront restaurants, bars, and water sports activities. It’s a popular spot for locals and tourists alike. – Plage de Saint-Leu: A popular surfing destination, this beach also offers a vibrant coastal town atmosphere. It’s a great place to relax, enjoy the sun, and watch the surfers catch a wave. Whether you’re looking for a tranquil beach getaway or an active water sports adventure, Réunion has a beach to suit your preferences.
What are the key cultural festivals in Réunion?
Réunion celebrates a rich blend of cultures, and there are several cultural festivals throughout the year. Here are some key festivals to experience: – Festival Liberté Métisse: Celebrated in December, this festival showcases Réunion’s diverse cultural heritage through music, dance, art, and food. It brings together different communities and promotes a spirit of unity. – Grand Boucan: Held in August in Saint-Gilles-les-Bains, this festival celebrates the island’s maritime traditions and cultural heritage. It features colorful parades, music, dance performances, and delicious Creole cuisine. – Diwali: Celebrated in October or November, Diwali is a major Hindu festival known as the Festival of Lights. It is marked by the lighting of lamps, fireworks, delicious Indian sweets, and cultural performances. – Fet Kaf: This cultural festival celebrates Réunion’s Afro-Creole heritage. It takes place in December and includes music, dance, food, and various cultural activities. – Festival des Mascareignes: An annual music festival that celebrates the local music scene. It brings together local artists, bands, and musicians for a series of concerts and performances. – Bèlè Festival: This festival showcases traditional Réunionese music and dance, particularly the Bèlè style. It highlights the island’s Creole culture and offers a vibrant atmosphere. – Temps Danse Festival: A dance festival held in September, featuring various dance styles from traditional to contemporary. It includes performances, workshops, and dance competitions. These festivals provide a glimpse into Réunion’s cultural diversity and are a great way to immerse yourself in the local traditions.
What are the best hiking trails in Réunion?
Réunion offers an extensive network of hiking trails catering to all levels of expertise. Here are some of the best hiking trails to explore: – Piton de la Fournaise: The volcano’s summit is a popular hiking destination, offering breathtaking views. The hike can be challenging, but the reward is worth it. Remember to check the volcanic activity and follow safety guidelines. – Cirque de Mafate: This remote and scenic cirque offers several hiking trails, including the classic three-day trek from La Nouvelle to Grand Îlet. It showcases the rugged beauty of Réunion’s landscapes. – Cirque de Cilaos: Known for its striking landscapes, Cilaos offers various hiking trails suitable for different skill levels. The Bras Rouge waterfall hike and the ascent to Piton des Neiges (Réunion’s highest peak) are popular options. – Roche Merveilleuse Trail: Located in Saint-Paul, this trail leads to a viewpoint offering panoramic views of the island’s western coast and mountains. – Sentier de Cap Noir: A relatively easy trail in Saint-Paul that leads to a viewpoint overlooking the Bras d’Oussy valley. – Sentier de l’Entre-Deux: This trail takes you through the charming village of Entre-Deux and its surrounding landscapes, showcasing the cultural and natural beauty of Réunion. – Sentier de la Roche Ancrée: This trail starts in Saint-Philippe and leads you through the scenic landscapes of the wild south, offering stunning coastal views. – Sentier du Trou de Fer: A challenging hike that takes you through lush vegetation to the breathtaking Trou de Fer waterfall. It’s recommended to join a guided tour for this hike. – Sentier de la Chapelle: Located in Saint-Gilles-les-Bains, this trail takes you through tropical forests and offers beautiful views of the coast. – Mafate Loop Trail: A multi-day trek that encompasses several of Mafate’s hiking trails, allowing you to explore the diverse landscapes and picturesque villages of this stunning cirque. Remember to plan your hikes well, carry necessary supplies, and follow safety guidelines to fully enjoy the hiking experiences in Réunion.
What is the currency used in Réunion?
Réunion, as an overseas department of France, uses the Euro (€) as its official currency. ATMs are widely available, and credit cards are accepted in most establishments. It’s advisable to carry some cash for small vendors or in case of any issues with card transactions. Currency exchange services can be found at local banks or exchange offices. When traveling to Réunion, it’s also recommended to inform your bank of your travel plans to avoid any issues with using your cards abroad.
What is the official language spoken in Réunion?
The official language of Réunion is French. French is widely spoken by the local population and is used in government, business, and education. Creole, a French-based language with influences from African and Malagasy languages, is also widely spoken. English is not as widely spoken as French and Creole, but some people in the tourism industry and major tourist areas may have basic knowledge of English. It can be helpful to learn a few basic French phrases or carry a translation app to effectively communicate during your visit.
What are some precautions for hiking in Réunion?
Hiking in Réunion offers stunning landscapes and memorable experiences, but it’s important to be prepared and take necessary precautions. Here are some tips: – Plan your hikes in advance, considering your fitness level and the difficulty of the trail. Obtain detailed maps, check weather conditions, and be aware of any closures or volcanic activity. – Wear appropriate hiking gear, including sturdy hiking boots, comfortable clothing, a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Carry a backpack with essentials like water, snacks, a first aid kit, and a headlamp. – During the summer months, it’s essential to start hikes early in the morning to avoid excessive heat and the risk of dehydration. Pace yourself and take breaks when needed. – Stay on marked trails and follow any safety signs or instructions. Avoid venturing off-trail, as it can be dangerous and harmful to the environment. – Be mindful of wildlife and respect the natural environment. Do not feed or disturb animals, and do not litter. Leave no trace and preserve the beauty of Réunion for future visitors. – Hiking in groups is recommended for safety. If you’re hiking alone, inform someone about your plans and expected return time. – In case of an emergency, call the emergency services or contact local authorities. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers hiking accidents. By following these precautions, you can safely enjoy the incredible hiking opportunities that Réunion has to offer.
