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Nestled in the shadows of the towering Misti, Chachani, and Pichu Pichu volcanoes, Arequipa is Peru’s stunning “White City”. Renowned for its colonial architecture crafted from sillar, a white volcanic stone, this city offers a mesmerizing blend of historical richness and vibrant cultural experiences. Arequipa is also a gateway to the awe-inspiring Colca Canyon, making it a critical stop for adventure seekers and culture enthusiasts alike.
To best experience Arequipa, plan to visit during the dry season from May to November, when clear skies perfect the views of its volcanic backdrops and stately baroque buildings.
Don’t miss trying the local cuisine; Arequipa is famous for dishes like Rocoto Relleno and Chupe de Camarones, which reflect its rich culinary heritage.
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Arequipa: The White City
| Country | Peru |
| Time in Arequipa | GMT-5 |
| Language spoken | Spanish |
| Population | 1,000,000 (source: National Statistics Institute, 2021) |
| Currency | Peruvian Sol (S/ PEN) |
| Airports | Alfredo Rodriguez Ballon International Airport (5 mi / 8 km). |
Arequipa, known affectionately as “La Ciudad Blanca” (The White City), captivates visitors with its stunning white volcanic stone architecture against the dramatic backdrop of Misti Volcano. This Peruvian gem boasts a rich blend of indigenous and Spanish colonial heritage, evident in its vibrant culture and impressive historical structures like the Santa Catalina Monastery and the Arequipa Cathedral. The city’s geography offers a rare visual spectacle, marked by its placement within a valley surrounded by imposing volcanoes, including the active Misti. This geographic setting not only provides breathtaking views but plays a critical role in its historical and economic significance. Largely spared from the earthquakes that often shake the region, the city’s numerous baroque buildings constructed from sillar, a white volcanic rock, have survived for centuries and are key attractions today. Arequipa’s cuisine also holds a distinct place in its cultural identity, featuring both traditional Peruvian ingredients and unique local twists, creating a culinary trail that delights food enthusiasts. Dishes such as rocoto relleno, chupe de camarones, and ocopa are a must-try, reflecting the agricultural abundance of the region. Besides its cultural and historical allure, Arequipa serves as a gateway for adventure tourism in the surrounding natural landscapes, offering trekking, rafting, and mountaineering. These activities attract thrill-seekers from around the globe, contributing to the city’s growing international fame. In recognition of its cultural richness and well-preserved historical architecture, Arequipa’s historic center was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a testament to its value and importance in both Peruvian and global contexts. Today, this thriving city is not only a reflection of the past but a beacon of contemporary development within Peru, making it an essential destination for tourists seeking to understand the country’s diverse heritage and dynamic future.
Where is Arequipa?
Arequipa is located in the southern part of Peru, nestled at the foot of three major volcanoes: Misti, Chachani, and Pichu Pichu.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| Lima to Arequipa | 1010 km | 15 hours |
| Cusco to Arequipa | 510 km | 8 hours 30 min |
What is Arequipa famous for?
Arequipa is famous for its colonial architecture made of sillar stone, which gives the city a distinct pearl-white appearance, earning it the nickname “The White City.”
History
Pre-Columbian Era (before 1535)
The area now known as Arequipa has a rich history that stretches back to pre-Incan times. The region was initially inhabited by groups such as the Aymaras and was later dominated by the Quechuas. Over time, it became a significant area for agricultural development and trade, thanks to its fertile land and strategic location.
Spanish Colonization (1540-1821)
Arequipa was founded on August 15, 1540, by Garcí Manuel de Carbajal, an emissary of Francisco Pizarro. During the colonial period, the city grew as a center of religion and politics, with construction of its renowned colonial architecture, including the famous Santa Catalina Monastery. The city’s proximity to silver mines in Potosí also contributed to its economic and political status during this era.
Republican Era (1821-Present)
After Peru gained independence from Spain in 1821, Arequipa became an important political player in the young republic. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, it was a hotspot for political and social upheavals, including several revolts against the central government. In the modern era, Arequipa has continued to thrive, establishing itself as a vital cultural, economic, and educational center in southern Peru. Its historical center was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000, cementing its role as a custodian of Peruvian and colonial heritage.
Visit Arequipa
What to see and do in Arequipa
Arequipa offers a plethora of activities and sights that cater to diverse interests. At the heart of the city lies the Plaza de Armas, surrounded by stunning colonial buildings and the majestic Basilica Cathedral of Arequipa. For history enthusiasts, the Santa Catalina Monastery provides a deep dive into a 16th-century religious citadel, which boasts vibrant architecture and tranquil courtyards.
- Explore the Colca Canyon, one of the world’s deepest canyons, offering spectacular viewpoints and opportunities for hiking and bird watching, including sightings of the majestic Andean condor.
- Visit the Museo Santuarios Andinos, where the well-preserved mummy of ‘Juanita,’ an Inca ice maiden, is displayed.
- Enjoy the local cuisine, particularly dishes like rocoto relleno, chupe de camarones, and Arequipa’s own variety of ceviche.
Festivities in Arequipa
Arequipa’s calendar is dotted with numerous traditional festivities. Key events include the anniversary celebrations of the city’s founding in August, which are marked by parades, fireworks, and dance performances. The Carnaval Arequipeño, a vibrant affair with costumes, music, and street parties, takes place in February, drawing locals and tourists alike into the festive spirit.
Best time to visit Arequipa
The best time to visit Arequipa is during the dry season, from May to October. During these months, the weather is predominantly sunny, which is ideal for exploring the natural landscapes and colonial architecture without the interruption of rain.
Is Arequipa worth visiting?
Arequipa, with its unique blend of fascinating history, stunning colonial architecture, and breathtaking natural landscapes, is undoubtedly worth a visit. The city not only offers glimpses into its rich cultural heritage but also serves as a gateway to outdoor adventures in the surrounding areas like the Colca Canyon. Whether you are a history buff, nature lover, or gastronomy enthusiast, Arequipa provides a comprehensive experience that caters to all interests.