Aguas Calientes, Peru

Aguas Calientes, also known as Machu Picchu Pueblo, is the gateway to the ancient Inca ruins of Machu Picchu in Peru. This small but bustling town lies in a narrow gorge beneath the ruins, offering picturesque views and a range of accommodations. It boasts a variety of eateries, artisanal shops, and thermal baths, making it a perfect stopover for travelers seeking to explore the UNESCO World Heritage site. The town’s unique charm, coupled with its proximity to one of the world’s most iconic archaeological sites, makes it a must-visit destination for cultural and historical enthusiasts.

Arrive in Aguas Calientes at least a day before your Machu Picchu visit to acclimatize to the altitude and explore the town’s attractions without rush.

Be sure to pack light rain gear and comfortable walking shoes, as the weather can change quickly and there is a lot of ground to cover on foot.

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Aguas Calientes: Gateway to Machu Picchu

Country
Peru

Time in Aguas Calientes
GMT-5

Language spoken
Spanish

Population
2,000 (Source: Municipalidad de Machu Picchu).

Currency
Peruvian Sol (S/ PEN)

Airports

Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (Cusco) (46 mi / 74 km)

Aguas Calientes, officially known as Machupicchu Pueblo, is the closest access point for the historical site of Machu Picchu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. This small town has evolved primarily to accommodate the numerous tourists who flock to see the ancient Inca ruins every year. Initially a quiet settlement, Aguas Calientes has rapidly developed into a bustling tourist hub complete with hotels, restaurants, and shops catering to international visitors.

The town’s unique charm is complemented by its stunning natural surroundings that include steep, verdant hills and the beautiful Urubamba River, which runs through it. The Aguas Calientes train station also adds an interesting dimension to the town, serving as a vital transport link for many visitors traveling by train from Cusco and Ollantaytambo.

Aguas Calientes offers several attractions within the town itself, like the Machu Picchu Museum and Manuel Chavez Ballon museum, which provide insights into the area’s rich history and culture. The nearby hot springs from which the town gets its name (Aguas Calientes means ‘Hot Waters’ in Spanish) are perfect for a relaxing soak after a vigorous day of trekking. Despite its modern conveniences, Aguas Calientes retains an atmosphere of a remote paradise, offering a peaceful respite from the busy trail routes during the Machu Picchu visit.

The increasing popularity of Machu Picchu has spurred significant tourism-led economic growth in Aguas Calientes, making it an essential player in Peru’s tourism sector. However, this growth is managed carefully to ensure sustainability and preservation of the natural and cultural heritage of this captivating area.

Where is Aguas Calientes?

Aguas Calientes is nestled in the Andes mountains of southern Peru, below the world-famous site of Machu Picchu.

How to get there:

By train (most common and fastest option)

Route: You can take a train from either Poroy Station (just outside Cusco) or Ollantaytambo (a town in the Sacred Valley, about 1.5 hours from Cusco by road).
Travel Time: From Poroy, the train ride takes around 3.5 hours, and from Ollantaytambo, it’s about 1.5–2 hours by train.
Total Time: Including transit to Ollantaytambo, the entire journey from Cusco to Aguas Calientes usually takes between 4 to 5 hours.

Bus/Car + Train (for a cheaper option)

Route: Take a bus or car from Cusco to Ollantaytambo (about 1.5 hours), and then catch the train from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes.
Travel Time: Bus to Ollantaytambo: 1.5–2 hours, Train to Aguas Calientes: 1.5–2 hours.
Total Time: Around 4–5 hours.

Bus + Hiking (for adventurous travelers)

Route: Take a bus from Cusco to the hydroelectric plant (around 6-7 hours by road) and then hike along the train tracks to Aguas Calientes (about 2–3 hours).
Total Time: Around 8–10 hours.

What is Aguas Calientes famous for?

Aguas Calientes is primarily known as the access point for the renowned ruins of Machu Picchu. It is famed for its thermal springs and serves as a crucial stopover for travellers heading to or from Machu Picchu.

History

Pre-Columbian Period – Before 15th Century

Long before the arrival of Europeans, the region around Aguas Calientes was inhabited by indigenous peoples who were part of a rich fabric of Andean culture. Little is known about the specifics of these early inhabitants, as there are minimal archaeological records, but it is believed that they were connected to larger ethnic groups that eventually became part of the Inca Empire. This area was primarily valued for its strategic location and its natural thermal waters.

The Inca Era – 15th Century to 1532

During the expansion of the Inca Empire, the region around Aguas Calientes gained prominence. The Incas, renowned for their advanced engineering and architectural skills, possibly used the area as a rest stop for travelers on their way to Machu Picchu, which lies just about 9 kilometers away. However, there are no substantial Inca ruins in Aguas Calientes itself, suggesting that its current location might not have been heavily populated during this period.

Colonial Period – 1532 to 1821

Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the area around Aguas Calientes fell under colonial rule. The region was largely overlooked due to its remote location and difficult terrain. The thermal waters were occasionally visited by colonial travelers, but there was no permanent settlement due to the lack of economic activity in the area.

The Republican Era – 1821 to Present

The area of Aguas Calientes began to gain more attention in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the increased exploration and archaeological interest in Machu Picchu. The town was developed to serve the growing number of tourists visiting the nearby ruins. In 1911, with the rediscovery of Machu Picchu by Hiram Bingham, Aguas Calientes became an essential gateway for explorers and, later, tourists. Today, while it serves primarily as a launching point for visitors to Machu Picchu, it has developed its own identity as a tourist attraction with markets, hot springs, and boutique hotels.

Visit Aguas Calientes

What to see and do in Aguas Calientes, Peru

While many visit Aguas Calientes as a stopover on their journey to Machu Picchu, the town itself offers a charming experience. Key attractions include:

Thermal Baths: Relax in the natural hot springs from which the town derives its name.
Mercado de Artesanias: This market is a fantastic place to shop for local handicrafts and souvenirs.
Museo de Sitio Manuel Chávez Ballón: Learn about the history of Machu Picchu and the Inca civilization.
Putucusi Mountain: For the more adventurous, a hike up this nearby mountain offers spectacular views of Machu Picchu from across the valley.

Festival and Events in Aguas Calientes

Aguas Calientes hosts a variety of cultural events throughout the year. Notable among them is the Aguas Calientes Anniversary, celebrated in July with music, traditional dances, and food stalls showcasing Peruvian cuisine. Another significant event is the Festival of the Virgin of Carmen, celebrated in mid-July, where masked dancers perform in processions through the town.

Best time to visit Aguas Calientes

The best time to visit Aguas Calientes is from April to October when the weather is relatively dry, making it ideal for hiking and outdoor activities. The peak season is from June to August, so visiting in the shoulder months like April, May, September, and October can help avoid the largest crowds.

Is Aguas Calientes worth visiting?

Aguas Calientes, often seen merely as the gateway to Machu Picchu, has its unique charm and merits a visit. It offers hot springs, a lively market, and proximity to several lesser-known natural and cultural sites. However, it can be crowded and somewhat touristy, especially during the high season. Accommodations and dining options are generally more expensive than in other parts of Peru due to its location and tourist-centric economy. Regardless, for those heading to Machu Picchu, spending time in Aguas Calientes can enhance the overall experience, providing a deeper understanding of the region’s culture and geography.

What are the accommodation options in Aguas Calientes?

Aguas Calientes offers a range of accommodation options to suit various budgets and preferences. Travelers can choose from hostels and budget hotels to mid-range hotels and luxurious lodges. Many establishments provide views of the surrounding mountains and rivers, enhancing the serene experience. For those seeking luxury, there are high-end hotels that offer spa services, fine dining, and exclusive access to thermal baths. It’s advisable to book accommodation well in advance, especially during the peak tourist season from May to September, as the town can get quite crowded due to its proximity to Machu Picchu.

What dining options are available in Aguas Calientes?

Aguas Calientes hosts a variety of dining options ranging from casual eateries and street food stalls to upscale restaurants. The town is known for its diverse cuisine that includes both local Peruvian dishes and international fare. Specialties often include fresh trout from nearby rivers, alpaca meat, and a variety of quinoa dishes. For an authentic experience, try the “Pachamanca,” a traditional Peruvian meal cooked underground with hot stones. Vegetarians and vegans can also find several dining options catering to their needs. Most restaurants are centrally located and easily accessible by foot.

Are there any shopping opportunities in Aguas Calientes?

Shopping in Aguas Calientes can be quite enjoyable, particularly for those looking to take home souvenirs or artisanal products. The Mercado de Artesanias, a dedicated artisan market, is a great place to start. Here, visitors can find handmade textiles, jewelry, pottery, and traditional Peruvian goods like alpaca wool sweaters and colorful blankets. Prices are often negotiable, so don’t hesitate to bargain. Additionally, several shops around town sell gear and supplies for hiking, which can be useful for tourists heading to Machu Picchu.

What are the best cultural experiences in Aguas Calientes?

For those interested in cultural experiences, Aguas Calientes offers a taste of Andean culture with its local festivals, folk dances, and music performances. Visitors can watch traditional dance shows typically held in the main square or participate in local festivities that occur throughout the year. The town’s proximity to Machu Picchu also allows for exploration of the rich Incan culture through guided tours which highlight the historical significance of the area. Additionally, visiting the Manuel Chávez Ballón museum offers insights into the archaeological methods used in excavating nearby sites.

How can visitors best navigate Aguas Calientes?

Aguas Calientes is a small town, which makes navigation fairly straightforward. It is perfectly walkable, and most tourist sites, restaurants, shops, and hotels are within walking distance from each other. For visits to Machu Picchu, buses frequently run from the town to the site early mornings and return in the evenings. There’s also a walking trail starting from the town for those who prefer a more adventurous route to the ancient citadel. Maps and signs around the town help in easy orientation for new visitors.

What is the best way to interact with locals in Aguas Calientes?

Interacting with locals in Aguas Calientes can enrich your travel experience. Many residents speak Spanish, and learning a few basic Spanish phrases can go a long way in making meaningful connections. Showing interest in local customs, traditions, and respecting local etiquette will also be appreciated by the residents. Participating in community activities or small-group tours guided by locals can provide deeper insights into their lifestyle and culture. Always ask for permission before taking photos to respect their privacy and traditions.

What nature activities are available around Aguas Calientes?

The natural surroundings of Aguas Calientes offer numerous activities for nature lovers. Besides visiting Machu Picchu, hiking enthusiasts can explore trails such as the Putucusi Mountain hike, which offers stunning views of the Machu Picchu site. Bird watchers will delight in the variety of exotic species found in the nearby cloud forests and along the Urubamba River. Additionally, the hot springs in town provide a relaxing spot to unwind after a day of hiking, where thermal mineral waters are believed to have healing properties.

Are there any recommended day trips from Aguas Calientes?

While Machu Picchu is the primary focus for many visitors, there are other noteworthy day trips from Aguas Calientes. The Inca Bridge, part of an old Inca road that is now a tourist attraction, offers a unique look at Incan engineering and stunning views. Another interesting area to explore is the Mandor Gardens, located just a short hike from the town. Here, visitors can enjoy a botanical garden with a variety of local flora and access to a picturesque waterfall. Each of these destinations provides a different perspective of this culturally rich region.

Country	Peru
Time in Aguas Calientes	GMT-5
Language spoken	Spanish
Population	2,000 (Source: Municipalidad de Machu Picchu).
Currency	Peruvian Sol (S/ PEN)
Airports	Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (Cusco) (46 mi / 74 km)