Peru: journey to the heart of the Inca Empire.
| Capital |
Lima |
| Time in Peru |
GMT -5 |
| Language spoken |
Spanish |
| Population |
33 million (World Bank, 2021) |
| Religion |
Roman Catholicism (76%)
Evangelicalism (14%)
Other Christian (4.8%)
Other religions (4.2%)
None/Atheist (2.9%) |
| Currency |
Peruvian Sol (S/, PEN) |
| Airports |
Jorge Chávez International Airport (Lima)
Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (Cusco)
Rodríguez Ballón International Airport (Arequipa)
FAP Captain Guillermo Concha Iberico International Airport (Piura) |
Peru is a captivating country in South America, known for its rich history and diverse landscapes. It is home to ancient ruins, mystical civilizations, and breathtaking natural wonders. With its intriguing past and vibrant present, Peru offers a blend of tradition and modernity that entices travelers from around the globe.
Where is Peru located?
Peru is located on the western coast of South America. It shares borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, and Chile. Its stunning coastline stretches along the Pacific Ocean, while the majestic Andes Mountains dominate its interior landscape.
What is Peru famous for?
Peru is famous for its ancient civilizations, most notably the Inca Empire. The iconic archaeological site of Machu Picchu is a testament to the advanced engineering and architectural skills of the Incas. Peru is also renowned for the Nazca Lines, mysterious geoglyphs etched into the desert floor, and the vibrant capital city of Lima, with its fusion of Spanish, Indigenous, and Afro-Peruvian cultures.
History
The history of Peru is a fascinating journey that spans thousands of years. The country has a rich and diverse cultural heritage, with influences from various indigenous civilizations, as well as the Spanish colonial period and the modern era. The history of Peru can be divided into several distinct periods, each marked by significant events and developments.
Pre-Columbian Era: 14,000 BCE – 1532 CE
The earliest evidence of human habitation in Peru dates back to around 14,000 BCE, when hunter-gatherer societies began to settle in the region. Over time, various complex civilizations emerged, such as the Norte Chico, Moche, and Nazca cultures. These civilizations left behind impressive architectural marvels, intricate artwork, and advanced agricultural systems.
One of the most well-known civilizations in ancient Peru is the Inca Empire, which existed from the 13th century until the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in 1532. The Incas built a vast empire that stretched along the Andes Mountains, with their capital city, Cusco, serving as the political, administrative, and religious center.
Spanish Colonial Period: 1532 – 1824
In 1532, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro arrived in Peru and began the conquest of the Inca Empire. The Spanish established a colonial administration and imposed their culture, religion, and language on the indigenous population. The colonization of Peru led to the exploitation of its resources, particularly silver and gold.
The colonial period was marked by social and economic inequalities, as indigenous people were subjected to forced labor and various forms of oppression. However, over time, a distinct mestizo culture emerged, blending Spanish and indigenous traditions.
Independence and Republic: 1824 – Present
Peru gained its independence from Spain in 1824, following the heroic efforts of revolutionary leaders such as José de la Riva-Agüero, José Olaya, and José de la Mar. The country went through a turbulent period of political instability, with frequent changes in government and conflicts.
Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Peru faced various challenges, including border disputes, economic crises, and social inequality. However, it also witnessed periods of progress and cultural resurgence, with advancements in education, infrastructure, and the arts.
Today, Peru is a vibrant and diverse country that celebrates its indigenous heritage while embracing modernity. It is known for its archaeological sites, such as Machu Picchu and the Nazca Lines, as well as its rich cultural traditions, culinary delights, and breathtaking natural landscapes.
Visit Peru
What to see and do in Peru
When visiting Peru, there are countless attractions and activities to explore. Some of the top things to see and do include:
- Discover the ancient ruins of Machu Picchu, one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
- Explore the vibrant city of Lima, which offers a mix of colonial architecture, modern skyscrapers, and a booming culinary scene.
- Embark on a journey through the Sacred Valley, where you can visit picturesque towns, traditional markets, and Inca ruins.
- Take a boat trip on Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world, and visit the Uros floating islands.
- Explore the mysterious Nazca Lines, enormous geoglyphs etched into the desert floor.
- Go hiking or trekking in the stunning landscapes of the Cordillera Blanca or Colca Canyon.
- Immerse yourself in the Amazon rainforest and discover its incredible biodiversity.
- Experience the vibrant festivals and celebrations that take place throughout the year, showcasing Peruvian traditions and cultural diversity.
Events in Peru
Peru is a country that loves to celebrate and there are numerous events and festivals throughout the year. Some of the most notable events in Peru include:
- Inti Raymi: A traditional Inca festival held on June 24th in Cusco, celebrating the winter solstice and the sun god Inti.
- Carnaval: A lively carnival celebration that takes place in February or March, featuring colorful parades, music, and traditional dances.
- Fiesta de la Candelaria: A vibrant festival held in Puno in early February, honoring the Virgin of Candelaria with colorful processions and traditional dances.
- Peruvian Independence Day: Celebrated on July 28th and 29th, the country commemorates its independence from Spain with parades, fireworks, and cultural events.
- Qoyllur Rit’i: An Andean pilgrimage held in May or June, where thousands of pilgrims hike to the snow-capped mountains to worship the Lord of Qoyllur Rit’i.
Best time to visit Peru
The best time to visit Peru largely depends on the specific regions and attractions you plan to explore. Overall, the dry season from May to September is considered the peak tourist season, as the weather is generally mild and rainfall is minimal. This period is ideal for activities such as trekking, visiting archaeological sites, and exploring the coastal regions.
However, it’s worth noting that Peru’s diverse topography and climate mean that different regions have varying weather patterns. For example, the Amazon rainforest experiences heavy rainfall throughout the year, so it’s advisable to check the weather conditions before planning a visit.
If you’re interested in witnessing traditional festivals and cultural events, it’s recommended to research the specific dates and locations of these celebrations, as they often coincide with religious or historical holidays.
Is Peru worth visiting?
Peru is definitely worth visiting for its rich history, stunning landscapes, and vibrant cultural scene. From the mystifying ruins of Machu Picchu to the bustling streets of Lima, the country offers a diverse range of experiences.
Visitors can delve into the ancient civilizations of the Incas and explore their architectural wonders. The breathtaking views of the Andes Mountains, the vastness of the Amazon rainforest, and the beauty of the coastal regions provide a unique opportunity for nature lovers.
Additionally, Peru’s culinary scene is renowned worldwide, with its flavors and ingredients earning recognition as some of the best in the world. Trying traditional dishes like ceviche and lomo saltado is an essential part of the Peruvian experience.
While Peru does face some challenges, such as poverty and social inequality, it remains a country of immense beauty and cultural significance. Each region offers a distinct experience, and there is something to suit every traveler’s interests.
Overall, Peru’s historical, natural, and cultural attractions make it a worthwhile destination for those seeking a unique and enriching travel experience.
Common questions
What are the must-see attractions in Peru?
Peru is a country with diverse and breathtaking attractions. Some of the must-see attractions in Peru include Machu Picchu, the ancient Inca city nestled among the Andes Mountains; the Nazca Lines, mysterious geoglyphs etched into the desert floor; the Amazon Rainforest, home to incredible biodiversity; Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world; the Sacred Valley, a stunning region filled with Inca ruins and traditional villages; the city of Cusco, once the capital of the Inca Empire and now a vibrant cultural hub; the Colca Canyon, one of the deepest canyons in the world; and the city of Lima, Peru’s capital, known for its rich history and delicious culinary scene.
What is the best time to visit Peru?
The best time to visit Peru depends on the regions you plan to explore. For coastal areas like Lima and Paracas, the summer months (December to March) offer the warmest and sunniest weather. In the Andes, the dry season from May to September is ideal for activities like trekking to Machu Picchu. The Amazon Rainforest experiences a wetter climate year-round, but you can visit anytime depending on your preference. Keep in mind that Peru’s peak tourist season corresponds with the dry season, so expect larger crowds and higher prices during that time.
What should I pack for a trip to Peru?
When packing for a trip to Peru, consider the diverse climate and activities you plan to engage in. In general, it’s recommended to pack layers, as temperatures can vary significantly throughout the day. Essential items include comfortable walking shoes, lightweight and breathable clothing, a waterproof jacket, sunscreen, a hat, insect repellent, a reusable water bottle, and any necessary medications. If you’re planning to hike in the Andes or visit the rainforest, don’t forget to pack appropriate gear such as sturdy hiking boots and a good-quality rain jacket.
Are there any health concerns or vaccinations required for visiting Peru?
Before traveling to Peru, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or travel medicine specialist to determine if any vaccinations are needed. Common vaccines for Peru include hepatitis A and B, typhoid, yellow fever (required for certain areas), and influenza. It’s also essential to take precautions to prevent altitude sickness if you plan to visit high-altitude destinations like Cusco and Machu Picchu. This may include gradual acclimatization, staying hydrated, and avoiding strenuous activities in the first few days.
What are the transportation options in Peru?
Peru offers various transportation options to explore the country. Domestic flights are available between major cities like Lima, Cusco, Arequipa, and Iquitos. Buses are a popular choice for both short and long-distance travel, with comfortable options that offer overnight journeys. In cities, taxis and ride-sharing services like Uber are commonly used, but it’s essential to choose reputable companies and agree on the fare beforehand. For unique experiences, consider taking a train, such as the scenic journey to Machu Picchu aboard the Vistadome or Hiram Bingham trains.
What are some traditional dishes to try in Peru?
Peruvian cuisine is renowned worldwide for its diverse flavors and delicious dishes. Some traditional dishes to try in Peru include ceviche, a marinated raw fish or seafood dish; lomo saltado, a stir-fried beef dish with onions, tomatoes, and fries; causa, a layered potato dish with various fillings; anticuchos, grilled skewers often made with beef heart; rocoto relleno, a spicy stuffed pepper dish; and pachamanca, a traditional Andean meal cooked in an earth oven. Don’t forget to also sample classic Peruvian beverages such as pisco sour, chicha morada, and Inca Kola.
What are some popular adventure activities in Peru?
Peru offers a wide range of adventure activities for thrill-seekers. In the Sacred Valley and around Cusco, you can embark on multi-day treks to Machu Picchu, such as the Inca Trail or the more off-the-beaten-path Salkantay Trek. If you’re seeking adrenaline-pumping experiences, consider sandboarding in Huacachina, white-water rafting on the Urubamba River, paragliding over the Miraflores cliffs in Lima, or hiking to the rainbow-colored Vinicunca Mountain. The Amazon Rainforest also provides opportunities for jungle hikes, wildlife spotting, and canoeing along the winding rivers.
What are some cultural events and festivals in Peru?
Peru is known for its vibrant and colorful cultural events and festivals. The Inti Raymi festival in Cusco celebrates the Inca Empire’s most revered deity, the Sun God, with elaborate ceremonies and reenactments. The Qoyllur Rit’i festival near Cusco combines indigenous beliefs with Catholic traditions and features pilgrimages and dances. In Lima, the Mistura food festival showcases Peru’s culinary diversity with a wide array of dishes, cooking demonstrations, and food-related activities. Other notable festivals include Semana Santa (Holy Week), Inti Raymi, and the Festival Internacional de la Vendimia in Ica.
What are some souvenirs to buy in Peru?
Peru offers a treasure trove of unique souvenirs to take back home. Some popular choices include alpaca wool products like sweaters, scarves, and blankets, which are known for their softness and warmth. You can also find beautiful handmade ceramics and pottery, intricately woven textiles, colorful embroideries, silver jewelry with indigenous designs, traditional Peruvian musical instruments like panpipes or drums, and vibrant paintings and artwork depicting Peruvian landscapes and culture. Shopping at local markets, such as the famous Pisac Market in the Sacred Valley, is a great way to support local artisans.
Are there any cultural customs or etiquette I should be aware of in Peru?
Peru has its own cultural customs and etiquette that visitors can be mindful of. It’s common courtesy to greet people with a handshake and learn a few basic Spanish phrases. When visiting someone’s home, it’s polite to bring a small gift or food item. Respect for nature and heritage sites is important, so avoid littering and follow any rules or guidelines set by authorities. If invited to a social gathering, it’s customary to bring an item to contribute to the meal or share with others. Overall, being respectful, friendly, and open-minded will go a long way in experiencing Peruvian culture.
What are some off-the-beaten-path destinations in Peru?
In addition to the popular tourist attractions, Peru is home to some incredible off-the-beaten-path destinations. The Colca Canyon, located near Arequipa, offers breathtaking landscapes and the opportunity to spot Andean condors. The town of Huanchaco, north of Lima, is known for its traditional reed boats and excellent surfing conditions. The town of Chachapoyas in northern Peru is a gateway to fascinating archaeological sites like Kuélap and Gocta Waterfall, one of the tallest in the world. The remote region of Huascarán National Park is perfect for trekking and immersing yourself in pristine natural beauty.
What is the local currency in Peru and how can I exchange money?
The local currency in Peru is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). Currency exchange is widely available in major cities, airports, and tourist areas. It’s advisable to exchange money at authorized exchange offices or banks to ensure you receive official rates and avoid counterfeit bills. Credit cards are accepted in many establishments, but it’s also a good idea to carry some cash for smaller vendors or rural areas. ATMs are easily found in cities and towns, and most accept international cards. Notify your bank of your travel plans to avoid any issues with card usage.
