Image: Wikipedia
Nestled in the heart of Myanmar, Bago is a captivating city brimming with historic allure and cultural richness. Once the capital of the Mon Kingdom of Hanthawaddy, this ancient city is a treasure trove of pagodas, statues, and palaces. Visitors can explore the shimmering Shwemawdaw Pagoda, which towers over the landscape at a height of more than 100 meters, offering a stunning example of Burmese pagoda architecture. The city’s vibrant markets and serene parks also add to its charm, making it a must-visit destination for those who wish to experience the history and beauty of Myanmar.
When visiting Bago, be sure to experience the local markets early in the morning for an authentic glimpse into the everyday life of its residents.
Consider hiring a local guide when exploring Bago to gain deeper insights into the historical context of its many sites and stories.
How to best experience Bago?
Discover tickets, tours, and activities for Bago through these providers:
Bago: The Ancient Capital of Myanmar
| Country | Myanmar |
| Time in Bago | GMT+6:30 |
| Language spoken | Burmese |
| Population | 254,424 (2021 estimate, World Urbanization Prospects) |
| Currency | Burmese kyat (MMK, က) |
| Airports | Yangon International Airport (47 mi / 76 km). |
Bago, formerly known as Pegu, is steeped in history and culture, serving as a critical influence in Myanmar’s historical landscape. Located in the Bago Region, this city is not just a hub for Buddhist culture but also a testament to centuries of civilization, with its roots stretching back to the 6th century. The city’s significance blossomed in the 14th century when it became the capital of the Mon Kingdom of Hanthawaddy and later the second capital of the Burmese Empire under King Bayinnaung in the 16th century.
Visitors are often drawn to its abundant religious and historical sites, including the famed Shwemawdaw Pagoda, which towers over the cityscape, and the Kanbawzathadi Palace, a replica of the original 16th-century palace showcasing the ancient architectural ingenuity of the Burmese. Bago is also known for its colossal reclining Buddha, Shwethalyaung, which dates back to the 10th century and is one of the largest in Myanmar.
The local culture is palpably rich with traditional Mon influences still visible in its culinary, linguistic, and artistic expressions. The city’s marketplaces brim with local art, textiles, and pottery, providing a glimpse into the daily lives and trades of the Bago populace.
Despite its small size, Bago’s vibrant personality and historical significance make it a prime location for tourism and historical research. It serves as a living museum, offering insights into the religious and cultural evolutions of Myanmar, attracting both local and international tourists. Its proximity to Yangon makes it easily accessible, ensuring that its cultural and historical treasures are preserved and appreciated widely.
Where is Bago?
Bago is strategically located 47 miles (76 kilometers) northeast of Yangon in southern Myanmar, placed near the Bago River.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| Yangon to Bago | 47 mi / 76 km | 1.5 hours |
| Mandalay to Bago | 385 mi / 620 km | 8 hours |
| Nay Pyi Taw to Bago | 201 mi / 324 km | 4 hours |
What is Bago famous for?
Bago is renowned for its rich historical sites, particularly the ancient pagodas and temples such as the Shwemawdaw Pagoda and the Kanbawzathadi Palace, reflecting its deep Buddhist and monarchial heritage.
History
Early Settlements and Mon Kingdom (6th Century – 16th Century)
Historical records suggest that the area now known as Bago, Myanmar, was settled by the Mon people around the 6th century. It became an important part of the Mon Kingdom of Hariphunchai. By the 14th century, under the reign of King Binnya U, Bago, also known as Pegu, was proclaimed the capital of the Mon Kingdom. The city became a major center of commerce and Theravada Buddhism, attracting traders and monks from across Southeast Asia and beyond.
Second Burmese Empire and Decline (16th Century – 18th Century)
In 1539, the city was conquered by the Burmese under King Tabinshwehti of the Toungoo Dynasty, marking the beginning of its integration into the Second Burmese Empire. Bago was reconstructed and flourished as a commercial and religious center, even as it faced political instability and occasional rebellions. However, repeated wars, particularly with the Kingdom of Ayutthaya, led to its gradual decline in the 18th century.
Colonial Period and Independence (19th Century – 20th Century)
Following the Second Anglo-Burmese War, Bago came under British rule in 1852. Under British administration, the city, renamed Pegu, was developed as a minor administrative and military center, but it never regained its pre-colonial importance. After Myanmar gained independence in 1948, Bago began to slowly recuperate its cultural heritage and economic stability. However, the city faced numerous challenges, including political upheaval throughout the 20th century.
Modern Development (21st Century – Present)
In recent years, Bago has experienced modest development. Efforts to preserve its rich historical and cultural legacy, including the restoration of ancient pagodas and statues, have been paired with improvements in the local infrastructure. Today, Bago is evolving into a notable destination for both pilgrimage and tourism, offering a unique glimpse into the country’s diverse history and its ongoing journey towards modernization.
Visit Bago
What to see and do in Bago, Myanmar
Bago, an ancient city with a rich history, offers a variety of attractions that cater to history buffs, cultural enthusiasts, and spiritual seekers. Noteworthy sites include the Shwemawdaw Pagoda, which is often referred to as the ‘Golden God Temple’ and stands as the tallest pagoda in Myanmar. The Shwethalyaung Buddha, one of the largest reclining Buddha images in the world, is another must-see, showcasing exquisite Mon craftsmanship.
- Explore the Kanbawzathadi Palace, a reconstruction of the original 16th-century palace of King Bayinnaung.
- Visit the Kyaikpun Pagoda, famous for its four towering Buddha images seated back to back.
- Wander through the Bago Market for local handicrafts and fresh produce.
Festivals and Celebrations in Bago
Bago is vibrant with cultural festivities throughout the year. The Shwemawdaw Pagoda Festival, which takes place during the Burmese month of Tagu (March-April), attracts thousands of pilgrims who come to pay homage. There’s also the Akha New Year, celebrated with traditional dances, ethnic foods, and colorful costumes, providing a deep insight into the local culture.
Best time to visit Bago
The optimal time to visit Bago is during the cooler months from November to February. During this period, the weather is comparatively more pleasant, making it ideal for exploring outdoor attractions and participating in local festivals.
Is Bago worth visiting?
Bago is undoubtedly a worthy destination for those interested in exploring the depth of Myanmar’s historical and cultural landscape. The city’s rich tapestry of sites offers insightful glimpses into the past dynasties that shaped Myanmar. However, it’s worth noting that Bago is still under development, which could mean occasional inconveniences in terms of infrastructure and facilities. Despite this, the unique charm of Bago’s ancient pagodas, monumental Buddha images, and vibrant festivals make it a compelling stop on any Myanmar itinerary.