Astana (Nur-Sultan), Kazakhstan

As the capital city of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, formerly known as Astana, presents a fascinating blend of modern architectural marvels amidst the vast Kazakh steppe. Established in 1997, the city stands out for its futuristic skyline, which includes iconic structures such as the Bayterek Tower and the Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center. Nur-Sultan serves as a cultural and political hub, offering visitors a unique glimpse into Kazakhstan’s rapid development and rich heritage. The city’s attractions range from bustling markets and museums to opera houses and beautifully designed public spaces.

When visiting Nur-Sultan, dress appropriately for its continental climate, marked by hot summers and very cold winters, to ensure a comfortable experience.

Plan to visit iconic landmarks like Bayterek Tower early in the day to avoid crowds and fully enjoy the panoramic city views it offers.

How to best experience Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

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Astana (Nur-Sultan): The Heart of the Steppe

Country
Kazakhstan

Time in Astana (Nur-Sultan)
GMT+6

Language spoken
Kazakh

Population
1,136,000 (source: Kazakhstan Statistics Office, 2021)

Currency
Kazakhstani Tenge (₸, KZT)

Airports

Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport (14 mi / 23 km)

Astana, now officially known as Nur-Sultan in honor of the long-serving Kazakh leader Nursultan Nazarbayev, is the futuristic capital of Kazakhstan. Situated on the windswept northern steppes, the city has experienced a rapid transformation from a modest town to a 21st-century showpiece of modern architecture and political ambition. The city’s skyline is punctuated with impressive buildings designed by internationally renowned architects. These structures mirror the Kazakhstani government’s vision of creating a city that symbolizes the country’s independence and modernity.

Since becoming the capital in 1997, Astana has hosted numerous international events, showcasing its capabilities and status on a global scale. Beyond its architectural wonders, Astana is a vibrant cultural hub, with various museums, theaters, and galleries that celebrate both the country’s nomadic heritage and its new, more globalized identity. The city is also a central point in Kazakhstan’s economic development, housing national corporations, foreign embassies, and the main governmental institutions. Despite the harsh, long winters typical for the region, the city’s dynamic rhythm and warm hospitality firmly establish it as a significant center for both Kazakhstan and Central Asia.

Where is Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

Situated in the north-central part of Kazakhstan, Astana (Nur-Sultan) lies on the Ishim River in the vast Kazakh steppe.

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
Almaty to Astana	1,220 km	Approx. 15-16 hours
Pavlodar to Astana	450 km	Approx. 6-7 hours
Karagandy to Astana	200 km	Approx. 3-4 hours

What is Astana (Nur-Sultan)famous for?

Astana (Nur-Sultan) is renowned for its ambitious architectural projects and its role as the political and administrative center of Kazakhstan. The city is noted for its unique buildings, such as the Bayterek monument, which has become a symbol of post-independence Kazakhstan.

History

Before 1830 – Early Settlements

The area known today as Nur-Sultan, formerly Astana, has been inhabited by nomadic tribes for centuries. Archaeological evidences suggest that these lands were a cradle for ancient human activity, surviving mainly through hunting and gathering.

1830-1960 – Establishment and Growth

The official founding of Astana dates back to 1830 when it was established as a fort by Siberian Cossacks. Over the years, it grew into a significant town, serving as a strategic location on the trade routes connecting the northern and southern parts of Kazakhstan.

1960-1997 – Soviet Influence

During the Soviet era, the city, then known as Tselinograd, became a focal point for the Virgin Lands Campaign initiated by Nikita Khrushchev. The city saw an influx of people, technology, and infrastructure as it aimed to become an agricultural hub.

1997-Present – The Capital City

In 1997, under the leadership of President Nursultan Nazarbayev, the city became the capital of Kazakhstan and was later renamed Nur-Sultan in his honor. The city transformed rapidly with ambitious architectural projects, symbolizing its growth and importance on both a national and international stage.

Visit Nur-Sultan (Nur-Sultan)

What to see and do in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Visiting Nur-Sultan offers a unique glimpse into both Kazakhstan’s past and its futuristic ambitions. Highlights include the iconic Bayterek Tower, offering panoramic views of the cityscape, the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, and the modern marvel, Nur-Astana Mosque. For history enthusiasts, the Kazakhstan History Museum provides deep insights into the nation’s rich heritage.

Explore the architectural wonders of the city.
Visit the museums to understand Kazakhstan’s history and culture.
Enjoy the green spaces and parks throughout the city.

Annual Events in Nur-Sultan

Nur-Sultan hosts several events annually that celebrate its cultural and modern aspirations. Notable events include the Astana Opera and the international music festivals that usually take place in the summer months, drawing artists and attendees from around the globe.

Best time to visit Nur-Sultan

The best time to visit Nur-Sultan is during the spring (April to June) or early fall (September to October). These months offer the most temperate weather, conducive for exploring the outdoor attractions and partaking in the city’s numerous festivals.

Is Nur-Sultan worth visiting?

Nur-Sultan, with its intriguing blend of modernist architecture set against a backdrop of traditional Kazakh culture, provides a compelling destination. The city’s rapid development invites curiosity and admiration, although the extreme weather conditions in winter and summer can pose challenges for visitors. Despite this, the city’s unique attractions and dynamic cultural scene make it a worthwhile destination for those eager to explore a modern capital with a deep historical context.

What are the must-visit attractions in Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

Astana (Nur-Sultan) offers a variety of attractions that cater to both history enthusiasts and modern architecture lovers. The Bayterek Tower, symbolizing the city and offering panoramic views, is a must-visit. The futuristic Nur Alem, the world’s first spherical building known as the Museum of Future, is also a highlight. Additionally, the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, a pyramid-shaped conference center, symbolizes global harmony. The Astana Opera House, for those interested in cultural performances, and the Hazret Sultan Mosque, one of the largest mosques in Central Asia, are also highly recommended. For a glimpse into the country’s history, visit the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

What unique cultural experiences can tourists have in Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

Astana (Nur-Sultan) offers a range of unique cultural experiences for tourists. Attend a performance at the Astana Opera House, where you can enjoy traditional Kazakh opera and ballet. Visit during the Nauryz Meyrami festival in March, which celebrates the Persian New Year with local music, dance, and food. You can explore the ethnically diverse culture through craft workshops and culinary tours available in the city, which allow visitors totry their hand at making Kazakh dishes like besbarmak or participate in yurt building demonstrations. Lastly, a visit to the Baiterek Tower at night offers a lit-up view of the cityscape, often accompanied by cultural narrations about Kazakhstan’s legends.

What are the best outdoor activities in Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

Outdoor activities in Astana (Nur-Sultan) are plentiful, especially given its rich natural landscapes. In summertime, cycling along the Ishim River provides not only exercise but also beautiful views of the cityscape. The city’s parks, like the Central Park and the Botanical Garden, offer peaceful walking paths, picnic spots, and sometimes even cultural performances. For more adventurous visitors, ice skating in the winter months at various public rinks throughout the city is a popular activity. Additionally, Astana is host to several marathons and triathlons throughout the year, which can be a thrilling way to experience the city.

What types of local cuisine should visitors try in Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

Visitors to Astana (Nur-Sultan) should definitely indulge in local Kazakh cuisine, which is both rich in flavor and tradition. Essential dishes include Beshbarmak, a hearty meal typically made with boiled meat and pasta sheets, often referred to as “five fingers” because of the traditional way it is eaten with the hands. Kazy, a traditional horse meat sausage, is another dish not to be missed. For those with a sweet tooth, Baursaks (deep-fried dough balls) and Shubat (fermented camel milk) are unique local treats. Kazakh cuisine also includes various dairy products like Kurt, a salty-sour dried cheese ball.

Can tourists experience traditional Kazakh life in Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

Yes, tourists can experience traditional Kazakh life in Astana (Nur-Sultan). One way is by visiting the Ethno-Memorial complex “Atameken”, which provides a miniature layout of Kazakhstan where visitors can see and learn about the traditional living styles, historical buildings, and cultural landscapes of Kazakh people. Additionally, many travel agencies offer tours to nearby authentic yurt camps, where guests can stay overnight and enjoy traditional Kazakh hospitality, including local cuisine, horse riding, and learning about the nomadic lifestyle that has been a part of Kazakhstan’s heritage for centuries.

How can visitors learn about the history of Kazakhstan in Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

To learn about Kazakhstan’s history while visiting Astana (Nur-Sultan), one should definitely visit the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It houses extensive collections that showcase the country’s history from ancient to modern times. Exhibits include archaeological artifacts, folk costumes, traditional musical instruments, and even sections dedicated to the modernization and development of Kazakhstan. Another significant site is the Independence Square and Monument, which celebrates Kazakhstan’s journey to independence and its achievements. These locations provide insights into the rich tapestry of the nation’s past and its evolving identity.

What are the shopping options in Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

Astana (Nur-Sultan) offers a plethora of shopping options ranging from modern malls to traditional markets. Major shopping centers like Khan Shatyr and Mega Silk Way provide a wide range of international and local brands as well as entertainment and dining options. For a more traditional shopping experience, visit the local bazaars such as the Green Bazaar, where you can purchase regional produce, crafts, and souvenirs. Moreover, these markets offer an opportunity to interact with local vendors and practice your bargaining skills, adding an authentic touch to your shopping experience in Kazakhstan.

Are there family-friendly activities in Astana (Nur-Sultan)?

Astana (Nur-Sultan) is well-equipped with family-friendly activities that cater to all ages. The Duman Aquarium, located away from any large natural body of water, is an intriguing visit showcasing sea creatures from around the world and offers 3D cinema performances. The city’s numerous parks and playgrounds, such as the City Park and Presidential Park, are perfect for family picnics and leisurely walks. Families can also enjoy the interactive Museum of the First President, where children can learn about the nation’s history through engaging exhibits. During winter, the public ice skating rinks are a hit with families enjoying the festive atmosphere.

Country	Kazakhstan
Time in Astana (Nur-Sultan)	GMT+6
Language spoken	Kazakh
Population	1,136,000 (source: Kazakhstan Statistics Office, 2021)
Currency	Kazakhstani Tenge (₸, KZT)
Airports	Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport (14 mi / 23 km)