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The Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli in Rome represents a significant site of Catholic worship, renowned for its intricate baroque architecture and historical importance. Originally established in the 4th century, this basilica honors the Twelve Apostles and serves as a testament to the city’s rich ecclesiastical heritage.
To fully appreciate the basilica’s splendor, consider visiting during weekdays when the crowds are thinner. This will allow for a more intimate experience as you explore the stunning interiors and admire the remarkable frescoes and sculptures.
When planning your visit to the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli, be sure to check the schedule for guided tours. Engaging with a knowledgeable guide can greatly enhance your understanding of the basilica’s artistic works and historical context.
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Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli: An Architectural Marvel in Rome
The Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli exemplifies the grandeur of Roman Baroque architecture, showcasing a striking facade crafted by architect Giuseppe Valadier. The basilica features a captivating neoclassical portico that elegantly conceals its façade and enhances its stature in Piazza Santi Apostoli. Intricately designed, the interior radiates solemnity and grandeur. Visitors can observe numerous artworks, including pieces by renowned artists such as Antoniazzo Romano and Benedetto Luti, creating an immersive experience of history intertwined with artistry.
The church contains the tomb of the celebrated composer Girolamo Frescobaldi and showcases a stunning ceiling adorned with an impressive fresco of the Triumph of the Franciscan Order by Baciccio. Visitors will also encounter Canova’s monumental tomb dedicated to Pope Clement XIV, which illustrates the harmony between architecture and sculpture and emphasizes the significance of this sacred space within the Catholic Church.
History
IV – V Century: Foundation and Early Development
In the mid-fourth century, Pope Julius I commissioned the original church, known as the Basilica Iulia, dedicated to the apostles. This early foundation marked the church’s significance, as it was referred to as the “titulus apostolorum” in texts from the fifth century. Initially built to honor the apostles, the basilica evolved in its architectural style and importance over the centuries, becoming a vital religious structure within the Christian community.
VI Century: Byzantine Influence and Reconstruction
During the Byzantine era, the basilica was reconstructed on the site of the original church. A new design was implemented, characterized by a Greek cross plan, alongside the continued preservation of relics attributed to the apostles Philip and James the Less. This period underscored the merging of architectural traditions, leading to a structure showcasing Byzantine influences in the fabric of Roman sacred architecture.
XIV – XV Century: Restoration and Artistic Flourishment
The basilica endured significant damage due to an earthquake in 1348, necessitating extensive restoration. In the 15th century, Pope Martin V initiated further enhancements, which included the addition of the portico, linking the basilica to the prominent Colonna family. The artistic contribution of figures like Melozzo da Forlì during this period propelled the church’s aesthetic appeal, with vibrant frescoes adorning the sanctuary.
XVII – XVIII Century: The Grand Reconstruction
Commissioned by Pope Clement XI, a monumental reconstruction of the basilica began in 1702, led by the architect Francesco Fontana. Following his death, Carlo Fontana and later Nicola Michetti completed the project, leading to the consecration of the revered church in 1724. The completed structure reflected the opulence and artistic ingenuity typical of the Baroque era, solidifying the basilica’s enduring legacy in Roman religious architecture.
Experiences at Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli
Visitors to the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli can explore numerous attractions, including the renowned organ by Mascioni, which invites awe with its impressive sound quality. The breathtaking architecture prompts admiration and provides opportunities for reflection. Regular services and special masses also occur, inviting participation from pilgrims and tourists alike.
Frescoes of the Bessarione Chapel
The Basilica features remnants of ancient frescoes from the Chapel of Bessarione, attributed to artists Melozzo da Forlì and Antoniazzo Romano. These works portray captivating scenes of the Archangel Michael and echo narratives that connect the church’s past with its artistic legacy. Discovered in the late 20th century, these pieces enhance the overall historical value of the basilica.
General informations
Location
The Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli is centrally located in Rome, situated near significant landmarks such as Palazzo Colonna and the Trevi Fountain. It is easily accessible and well-connected by public transport.
Address:
P.za dei Santi Apostoli, 51, 00187 Roma RM, ItalyVisiting Information
The Basilica is open to the public, allowing visitors to explore its magnificent architecture and rich history. It is recommended to visit during the morning or early afternoon for a more tranquil experience.
How to Reach the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli
Car
The Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli can be easily reached by car, with available parking nearby for a nominal fee.
| Route | Distance | Travel time |
|---|---|---|
| From Termini Station | 1 mile (1.6 Km) | 5 minutes |
| From Vatican City | 2 miles (3.2 Km) | 10 minutes |
| From Fiumicino Airport | 19 miles (30 Km) | 40 minutes |
Public Transport
The Basilica can also be reached through various public transport options. The nearest metro station is Barberini (Line A), which is about a 10-minute walk away from the site.
| From | Mode | Travel time |
|---|---|---|
| Termini Station | Metro | 15 minutes |
| Vatican City | Bus | 20 minutes |
| Fiumicino Airport | Train+Metro | 1 hour |
Accessibility and Limitations
The Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli is equipped to accommodate visitors with limited mobility, featuring ramps and accessible entrances.
Accessibility
Limitations
- Limited accessibility to certain areas due to historical architecture.
- Some sections may be temporarily closed for restoration work.
Notes to visitors
- Photography without flash is permitted inside the basilica.
- Visitors are encouraged to dress modestly, respecting the sacred nature of the site.
Common questions
What architectural styles are represented at the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli?
The Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli in Rome is predominantly designed in the Baroque architectural style, however, it also showcases elements of Neoclassicism. The interior features a solemn yet majestic architectural aspect, created during its various renovations over the centuries.
The façade originally included a structure by architect Francesco Fontana, which was later modified by Nicola Michetti and completed under Pope Benedict XIII in the early 18th century. The portico, constructed in the 15th century, displays Gothic influences, while the altar area and various chapels within exhibit the opulence typical of Baroque architecture.
Furthermore, the elevated neoclassical aspects are visible in the facade designed by Giuseppe Valadier, enhancing the overall grand appearance of the basilica. Overall, the diverse architectural elements found at Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli reflect its long history of construction and renovation over different artistic movements.
What are some notable artworks found in the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli?
The Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli houses a remarkable collection of artworks that showcase the skill and creativity of various artists over the centuries. Among the most notable is the magnificent fresco on the ceiling, which depicts the “Trionfo dell’Ordine Francescano,” painted by Baciccio in 1707. This artwork is an outstanding example of the Baroque style, with its dynamic composition and vibrant colors.
Another significant piece is the monument to Pope Clement XIV created by the famed sculptor Antonio Canova in 1787. This magnificent tomb demonstrates Canova’s mastery in sculpture, combining elegance and emotion in its design.
Additionally, the church features various paintings by artists such as Antoniazzo Romano and Giuseppe Cades. Visitors can admire depictions of saints and biblical scenes throughout the interiors, alongside tombs of notable characters like the composers Girolamo Frescobaldi and prominent cardinals including Basilio Bessarione. Each artwork adds depth to the religious and cultural significance of this sacred location.
Is there a crypt in the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli?
Yes, there is an impressive crypt located beneath the altar of the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli. This crypt was designed by Luigi Carimini and completed between 1869 and 1871. It serves as a resting place for the relics of the apostles Philip and James the Less, who are the titular saints of the basilica.
In addition to these significant relics, the crypt features the remains of several martyrs uncovered during archaeological excavations, showcasing the historical richness of the site. The crypt mimics the ambiance of early Christian catacombs, with its dimly lit corridors and decorative motifs inspired by ancient art.
Visitors to the crypt will find it adorned with intricate frescoes, enhancing the spiritual atmosphere of this sacred space. This area is essential for understanding the basilica’s historical significance and its connection to the early formation of Christianity in Rome.
Can you spot any famous burials in the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli?
Yes, the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli is home to the final resting places of several notable figures, particularly within its famous crypt. Among them are the relics of the apostles Philip and James the Less, the titular saints of this sacred site.
Moreover, the basilica houses the tombs of significant individuals from the Catholic Church, including esteemed cardinals such as Basilio Bessarione and Agostino Casaroli. Additionally, the renowned composer Girolamo Frescobaldi is interred here, known for his contributions to music during the late Renaissance period.
The tomb of Lorenzo Colonna, a member of the influential Colonna family, is also located within the basilica, showcasing exquisite Renaissance artistry. The presence of these burials adds not just a historical perspective to the basilica but also a rich tapestry of cultural significance in a religious context.
What can visitors expect in terms of organ music at the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli?
Visitors to the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli can expect to experience the rich sound of the church’s impressive organ, which adds a unique auditory dimension to the worship and cultural activities held within the basilica. The organ, built in 1925 by the Mascioni company, has undergone expansions and restorations, making it a remarkable instrument today.
The organ comprises 32 registers and features an independent console that can be moved throughout the church, allowing musicians to create a more immersive experience during services and concerts. The instrument plays an integral part in the liturgical ceremonies held at the basilica, as well as in occasional musical performances.
In addition to the main organ, visitors may also encounter a smaller positive organ that contributes to the musical atmosphere during worship. The harmonies produced by these instruments complement the stunning architecture and artworks, creating a spiritually uplifting environment for all who enter the basilica.
Is the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli in Rome worth visiting?
The Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli is absolutely worth visiting for tourists exploring Rome. This remarkable church, located in the heart of the city, is a beautiful example of Baroque architecture, showcasing intricate designs and stunning frescoes. Its rich history dates back to the 4th century, making it a significant site for those interested in the evolution of religious architecture.
Visitors will appreciate the impressive artworks, including the celebrated fresco of the Trionfo dell’Ordine Francescano and the monumental tomb of Pope Clement XIV by Antonio Canova. The peaceful atmosphere inside provides a perfect contrast to the bustling streets of Rome.
Moreover, the basilica houses the relics of Saints Philip and James, adding to its spiritual allure and making it an enriching experience for both art lovers and pilgrims alike.