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The Anfiteatro Castrense, an ancient Roman amphitheater located in the heart of Rome, stands as a magnificent testament to the architectural prowess of the third century. Originally built under Emperor Elagabalus, this elliptical structure served a dual purpose: entertaining citizens with spectacles and hosting military exercises. Today, its historical significance continues to attract scholars and tourists alike, who come to marvel at its partly preserved grandeur.
Visitors are encouraged to explore the surrounding area leading to the Anfiteatro Castrense. The site, located near the Basilica di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, offers picturesque views and historical insights that enrich the overall experience.
For those planning a visit to the Castrense Amphitheater, consider scheduling your trip during daylight hours to fully appreciate the site’s unique features. Guided tours are also available, providing deeper insights into its fascinating history and architectural details.
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Anfiteatro Castrense in Rome, Italy
The Anfiteatro Castrense stands as a significant example of Roman architecture from the early 3rd century AD. It is the second preserved amphitheater in Rome, noted for its distinctive elliptical shape, characterized by an axis of 88 meters and a minor axis of 75.80 meters. The structure’s construction utilized cement with basalt aggregates, a method that reflects the ingenuity of Roman engineering. The amphitheater originally adorned a magnificent façade, which presented three distinct orders of arcades; the first featured arcades framed by semi-columns, while the second had arcades with low parapets and engaged columns. The third order contained an attic with windows, all of which were inspired by Corinthian style design.
Internally, the seating area, or cavea, is believed to have been supported by vaulted ambulacra. This amphitheater not only served for spectacles but also played a role in military drills. Its connection to the Imperial Palace highlights its usage as a venue for both entertainment and imperial ceremonies, further enriching its historical significance.
History
218-222 AD: Construction Era
The Anfiteatro Castrense was constructed during the reign of Emperor Elagabalus, likely as part of the imperial residence complex known as the Palazzo Sessoriano. This period saw an emphasis on grand structures that catered to both public entertainments and the political needs of the emperor.
3rd-4th Century: Modifications and Military Use
As the city experienced military pressures, particularly from Gothic invasions, the amphitheater was adapted for defensive purposes. The construction of the Aurelian Walls in the late 3rd century resulted in a significant portion of the structure being repurposed as a bastion.
16th Century: Destruction for Defense
In the mid-16th century, Pope Paul IV ordered the dismantling of parts of the amphitheater to strengthen the city’s defenses, which led to the loss of much of the original structure, including the upper tiers that were visible until then.
Attractions and Activities at Anfiteatro Castrense
Visitors to the Anfiteatro Castrense can explore the archaeological remains that offer a glimpse into Roman engineering and architecture. The site is incorporated within the grounds of the Basilica di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, allowing visitors to experience the interplay between ancient and contemporary Roman history. Guided tours may provide insights into the amphitheater’s dual role in entertainment and military strategy, further enriching the understanding of its importance in the Roman Empire.
A remarkable feature about the Anfiteatro Castrense relates to its unique construction
Notably, the use of brickwork instead of traditional stone materials is a hallmark of this amphitheater. Such a technique was uncommon for Roman amphitheaters, which typically favored stone for its durability. This choice may point to both practical applications during the era of construction and a reflection of the evolving architectural styles in response to resource availability.
General informations
Location
The Anfiteatro Castrense is situated in the historical heart of Rome, near the Basilica di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. It’s easily accessible by public transport and is located within a short walking distance from various landmarks.
Address:
Piazza di S. Croce in Gerusalemme, 00182 Roma RM, ItalyVisiting Information
The Anfiteatro Castrense is open to the public, and visitors can explore the site freely. It is recommended to visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid larger crowds and to enjoy a quieter experience.
How to reach Anfiteatro Castrense
Car
The Anfiteatro Castrense can be easily reached by car, with several parking options available nearby for a nominal fee.
| Route | Distance | Travel time |
|---|---|---|
| From Rome Ciampino Airport | 15 km | 30 minutes |
| From Rome Termini Station | 2 km | 10 minutes |
| From Vatican City | 5 km | 15 minutes |
Public Transport
Public transportation is an excellent alternative for reaching the Anfiteatro Castrense. You can take buses or the metro from various points in the city.
| Route | Distance | Travel time |
|---|---|---|
| From Rome Ciampino Airport by Bus | 15 km | 40 minutes |
| From Rome Termini Station by Metro (Line A) | 2 km | 5 minutes |
| From Vatican City by Bus | 5 km | 25 minutes |
Accessibility and Limitations
The Anfiteatro Castrense has limited accessibility features due to its historical structure and location.
Accessibility
Limitations
- Limited signage in English and other languages.
- Some areas may not be accessible during rainy weather due to potential flooding.
- Restricted access during maintenance or archaeological work.
Notes to visitors
- Photography may be restricted in certain areas.
- Food and drink are not allowed on site.
- It’s respectful to maintain appropriate behavior, as it is a historical site.
Common questions
What are the main features of the Anfiteatro Castrense?
The Anfiteatro Castrense, notable as the second amphitheater in Rome, showcases a rich architectural legacy dating back to the early 3rd century CE. The structure is characterized by its ellipsoid shape, measuring approximately 88 meters in length and 75.8 meters in width.
The amphitheater originally had three tiers; the first featured arcades framed by semi-columns, while the second tier had similar arcades but was topped with low parapets. The topmost tier was an attic adorned with windows divided by lesene, which provided structural support and aesthetic appeal.
Additionally, the amphitheater incorporated an innovative use of materials, predominantly utilizing brick rather than stone, which distinguishes it from many other ancient Roman structures. Today, the visible remains of the arena and underground rooms offer a glimpse into the elaborate engineering that supported public spectacles and military displays.
Is there any ancient art or decoration at the Anfiteatro Castrense?
While the primary focus of the Anfiteatro Castrense is its impressive architectural form, it also housed decorative elements typical of Roman amphitheaters. The facade originally featured Corinthian capitals on columns and pilasters, adorned in brick and complemented by a variety of stucco decorations that have since eroded over time.
Although the amphitheater’s upper tiers have not survived, excavation work has revealed remnants of the lower structures, where intricate plasterwork and mosaics might have existed. Additionally, the use of travertine for supporting structures would have provided a richer visual experience.
While the current state of the amphitheater does not display extensive decoration, ongoing archaeological efforts may uncover more artifacts that reflect the artistic heritage of this ancient venue.
What can visitors expect to see at the site today?
Visitors to the Anfiteatro Castrense today can expect to see a blend of historical ruins, archaeological excavations, and scenic vistas surrounding the site. Much of the amphitheater’s original structure has been lost, with only parts of the foundations and lower exterior walls remaining visible.
The existing ruins provide an opportunity to appreciate the scale and complexity of ancient Roman engineering. The amphitheater’s context near the Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme further enriches the experience, offering a glimpse into the historical landscape of Rome.
Additionally, the site is often quieter than other major tourist attractions in Rome, making it a peaceful spot to contemplate the grandeur of the ancient world. While at the site, visitors can also enjoy well-preserved nearby structures and gardens that complement the archaeological experience.
Are there any guided tours available for the Anfiteatro Castrense?
Yes, several organizations offer guided tours of the Anfiteatro Castrense allowing visitors to delve deeper into the history and significance of this remarkable site. These tours typically cover not only the amphitheater itself but also its historical context within Rome’s development as an imperial city.
Guided tours can vary in length and focus, with some emphasizing architectural features, while others may concentrate on the cultural practices that occurred within the amphitheater’s walls. A knowledgeable guide will provide insights into the amphitheater’s use for gladiatorial games, military exercises, and other public spectacles.
Many visitors also appreciate the opportunity to ask questions and engage in discussions during these tours, enhancing their overall understanding of the site. It is recommended to check in advance for specific tour times and any required reservations.
What nearby attractions can be visited in conjunction with the Anfiteatro Castrense?
The Anfiteatro Castrense is situated in a historically rich area of Rome, making it an ideal starting point for exploring several nearby attractions. Just a short walk away, visitors can find the Basilica di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, an important church known for its stunning frescoes and significant relics.
Additionally, a visit to the nearby archaeological site of Porta Maggiore provides insights into ancient Roman transportation routes and architecture. The area is also close to the Terme di Traiano (Trajan’s Baths), which allow visitors to visualize the grandeur of ancient Roman public baths.
If you have time, exploring the vibrant neighborhood surrounding the Esquilino district reveals local markets, authentic Italian restaurants, and more historical sites, making for a well-rounded day of sightseeing in Rome.
Is the Anfiteatro Castrense in Rome worth visiting?
The Anfiteatro Castrense, the second largest Roman amphitheater in the city, is definitely worth a visit for those intrigued by ancient history and architecture. Built in the early 3rd century AD, this site showcases an impressive elliptical structure that once hosted various spectacles and military maneuvers. Although not as famous as the Colosseum, the amphitheater offers a quieter experience where you can appreciate its historical significance without the large crowds.
Visitors will find intriguing remnants of the structure, as well as an opportunity to explore the surrounding area that holds rich historical context. Additionally, the site is easily accessible from the city center, making it a convenient stop for anyone interested in the lesser-known aspects of ancient Rome.