Ravenna, Italy

Ravenna, a city rich in history and culture, stands out as a jewel in Italy’s Emilia-Romagna region. Known for its stunning early Christian and Byzantine mosaics, the city has eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites, attracting historians and art lovers alike. Its serene streets echo tales of its past as the capital of the Western Roman Empire. The city also offers delightful gastronomy, vibrant festivals, and a proximity to the Adriatic coast, making it a comprehensive destination for diverse interests.

For the best views of Ravenna’s renowned mosaics, plan your visit during the quieter morning hours to enjoy the sites in a more intimate setting.

Consider renting a bike to explore Ravenna at your own pace. It’s an eco-friendly way to cover more ground and discover hidden corners of the city.

How to best experience Ravenna?

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Ravenna: A Mosaic of Histories and Cultures

Country
Italy

Time in Ravenna
GMT+1

Language spoken
Italian

Population
159,057 (source: ISTAT, 2023)

Currency
Euro (€, EUR)

Airports

Federico Fellini International Airport (34 mi / 55 km)
Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport (52 mi / 83 km)

Ravenna, an Italian city soaked in history and culture, is renowned for its striking Byzantine mosaics, which adorn its churches and monuments. As the capital of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, Ravenna played a critical role in the early Christian period, serving as a bridge between Western and Eastern Christian cultures. The city’s mosaics, a designated UNESCO World Heritage site, are among the best preserved in Europe and continue to draw scholars and tourists alike. The ancient city, once a vibrant seaport, is also celebrated for its important historical figures, such as the poet Dante Alighieri, who spent his last years here. Ravenna’s unique blend of art, history, and literature makes it a fascinating destination for anyone drawn to Italy’s extensive cultural tapestry.

Where is Ravenna?

Ravenna is located in the northeastern part of Italy, not far from the coast of the Adriatic Sea.

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
Rome to Ravenna	345 km	Approximately 3.5 hours
Milan to Ravenna	303 km	Approximately 3 hours

What is Ravenna famous for?

Ravenna is famous for its well-preserved Byzantine mosaics. These extraordinary works of art can be observed in various basilicas and baptisteries, giving insight into the early Christian artistic culture.

History

Prehistoric to Roman Era

Ravenna’s history begins with its early settlements by the Umbri people, followed by the Etruscans and later, the Romans. The city gained prominence in 89 BC when it became a Roman municipium. Its strategic coastal location on the Adriatic and its port facilities played pivotal roles in its development during the Roman era, especially under Julius Caesar.

5th to 8th Century: Byzantine Exarchate

After the fall of the Roman Empire, Ravenna experienced a transformation under the Ostrogoths and later the Byzantines. It became the capital of the Western Roman Empire under Emperor Honorius in 402 AD, and later, the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom. When the Byzantines took over in 540 AD, Ravenna’s golden age began. The city became the seat of the Byzantine governor in Italy, known as the Exarch, and many of its famed mosaics date from this period.

9th Century to Renaissance

Following the dissolution of the Exarchate, Ravenna saw various rulers including the Lombards and Franks. In the middles ages, it became a self-governing commune. Despite facing challenges like marsh encroachments, it flourished as a hub for trade and culture, evidenced by the creation of many Romanesque and Gothic buildings during this period.

Modern Era

Entering the modern era, Ravenna became part of the Papal States until it was absorbed into the newly unified Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The 20th century saw the city both benefiting from and suffering due to industrialization and World War II, respectively. Today, it is renowned for its rich historical and cultural heritage, attracting scholars and tourists alike.

Visit Ravenna

What to see and do in Ravenna

Ravenna, a treasure trove of art, history, and culture, offers a myriad of attractions. Notably, its eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the stunning Basilica of San Vitale, famed for its exceptional mosaics which depict scenes from the Old and New Testaments. The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, adorned with mesmerizing mosaics, offers an intimate glimpse into the spiritual and artistic life of early Christians in Ravenna.

Explore the ancient streets and discover the city’s vibrant history.
Visit the serene Dante’s Tomb, where the great poet rests.
Enjoy the local cuisine, especially its seafood, in the cozy restaurants scattered throughout the city.

Events in Ravenna

Ravenna hosts numerous events throughout the year, celebrating its rich Byzantine heritage. Notable among them is the Ravenna Festival, held in the summer, which features a mix of opera, music, dance, and theater, drawing performers and audiences from around the globe. The autumn brings the Ravenna Nightmare Film Festival, a must-visit for cinema enthusiasts interested in horror and thriller genres.

Best time to visit Ravenna

The ideal times to visit Ravenna are during spring (April to June) and fall (September and October). These months offer pleasant weather, fewer crowds, and the opportunity to fully enjoy the outdoor and cultural activities the city has to offer.

Is Ravenna worth visiting?

Ravenna is unquestionably worth a visit, particularly for those who appreciate art, history, and architecture. The city’s world-renowned mosaics offer a unique window into the past, showcasing the skill and artistry of earlier civilizations, while the vibrant cultural scene and gastronomic delights provide a contemporary contrast. Whether you’re a history buff, art lover, or simply in search of a rich cultural experience, Ravenna promises a captivating visit.

What are the must-see mosaics in Ravenna?

Ravenna is world-renowned for its stunning 5th- and 6th-century mosaics, a testament to its rich Byzantine history. Most notable among these are the mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale, which display intricate designs and vibrant colors, illustrating biblical scenes and depicting Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora with their retinues. Another crucial site is the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, adorned with starry skies and evocative Christian symbolism in blue and gold hues. Additionally, the Baptistry of Neon offers an incredible dome mosaic featuring the baptism of Christ, considered one of the finest examples of early Christian baptistery art.

Can you recommend typical dishes to try in Ravenna and where to find them?

Ravenna’s culinary scene mirrors its cultural depth, heavily influenced by both its maritime position and rich land. A must-try dish is the “Cappelletti Romagnoli,” a pasta stuffed with cheese and served in a rich broth, typically found in traditional trattorias throughout the city. “Piadina,” a thin flatbread filled with various ingredients such as cheese, cold cuts, or vegetables, is another local favorite, best enjoyed at street stalls or casual dining spots. For seafood lovers, “Brodetto Ravennate,” a savory fish stew, showcases the freshest catch from the Adriatic. Be sure to visit the historic center for authentic eateries serving these delicacies.

What are some unique shopping experiences in Ravenna?

Shopping in Ravenna offers a delightful mix of traditional and modern. The old town is dotted with small boutique shops selling unique handmade mosaics, inspired by the city’s rich artistic heritage. These make for perfect souvenirs or gifts. Additionally, for fashion enthusiasts, Via Cavour is the go-to street, lined with both high-end boutiques and charming local shops offering Italian fashion pieces. On weekends, exploring the local markets can be quite rewarding; Piazza del Popolo hosts an antique market on the first weekend of every month, where you can find everything from vintage clothes to rare books and artworks.

Are there any recommended day trips from Ravenna?

Ravenna’s location in the Emilia-Romagna region makes it a great base for exploring nearby attractions. A popular day trip is to the Republic of San Marino, located about an hour away, offering medieval architecture, stunning views, and tax-free shopping. Another excellent day trip is to Faenza, famous for its ceramics and hosting the International Museum of Ceramics. For nature lovers, the Po Delta Park provides a beautiful setting for bird watching, cycling, and boat tours. Lastly, the city of Bologna, renowned for its rich history, food, and oldest university in the world, is also within easy reach for a day trip.

What types of accommodation are available in Ravenna?

Ravenna offers a variety of accommodation options catering to different preferences and budgets. For those seeking luxury, there are several high-end hotels offering top-notch amenities and services. Mid-range travelers can find numerous hotels and bed & breakfasts providing comfortable lodgings and good value. For budget-conscious tourists, there are hostels and guesthouses available. Additionally, many accommodations are situated within the historic center, making it convenient to explore major sites on foot. Furthermore, for an immersive experience, some agriturismos located in the countryside offer stays in rustic settings surrounded by nature.

How can visitors experience the local culture in Ravenna?

To truly immerse yourself in the local culture of Ravenna, participate in the city’s vibrant festivals and events. The Ravenna Festival, held annually in the summer, features a range of performances from opera to classical music and ballet, showcasing both local and international talents. Art enthusiasts will enjoy the mosaic workshops, which offer a hands-on experience in learning this traditional craft. Additionally, exploring the city’s markets and savoring the regional cuisine in traditional eateries provide insights into the local lifestyle and culinary practices. Engaging with these activities gives visitors a deep appreciation of the rich cultural tapestry of Ravenna.

What are the best areas or neighborhoods in Ravenna for tourists to stay in?

For tourists visiting Ravenna, staying in the historic center is highly recommended. This area is pedestrian-friendly and places you within walking distance to most of the major mosaic sites and architectural wonders. Staying in the heart of the city also means easy access to the best restaurants, shops, and cafés. Alternatively, for those who prefer quieter environments, the areas near the Basilica of Sant’Apollinare in Classe or the picturesque marina can offer a more relaxed setting while still being convenient for sightseeing. Both locations provide a different atmosphere but maintain proximity to main attractions and amenities.

Is there a recommended time of year to visit Ravenna?

The best time to visit Ravenna is during spring (April to June) and fall (September to October). These seasons offer mild weather, making it comfortable to explore the city and its surroundings. The beauty of the mosaics can be truly appreciated under the soft light of these months. Additionally, these periods usually see fewer tourists, allowing for a more relaxed visit, with shorter lines and less crowded attractions. The city also holds various cultural events and festivals during these months, providing visitors with an opportunity to experience local traditions and festivities.

Country	Italy
Time in Ravenna	GMT+1
Language spoken	Italian
Population	159,057 (source: ISTAT, 2023)
Currency	Euro (€, EUR)
Airports	Federico Fellini International Airport (34 mi / 55 km) Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport (52 mi / 83 km)