Matera: The City of Caves
| Country |
Italy |
| Time in Matera |
GMT+1 |
| Language spoken |
Italian |
| Population |
60,351 (as of the latest data from Istat.it) |
| Currency |
Euro (€, EUR) |
| Airports |
- Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport (41 mi / 65 km)
- Brindisi Salento Airport (89 mi / 143 km)
|
Matera, beloved as the second-oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, invites a dive into the past with its ancient cave dwellings in the famous Sassi districts. This city in Basilicata, Italy, not only boasts UNESCO World Heritage status but also holds a series of deeply ingrained histories and cultures, visible in its rock-hewn churches, labyrinthine alleyways, and stark, yet poignant architecture. Once known for poverty, Matera has transformed into a beacon of culture and hospitality, inviting travelers worldwide to explore its unique landscape and historical depth.
Where is Matera?
Matera is located in the Basilicata region of southern Italy, nestled between the rugged terrains and the Ionian coast.
Distances:
| Route |
Distance by car |
Time by car |
| Rome to Matera |
285 mi (459 km) |
5 hrs 20 min |
| Naples to Matera |
165 mi (266 km) |
3 hrs 10 min |
| Bari to Matera |
42 mi (68 km) |
1 hr |
What is Matera famous for?
Matera is world-renowned for its ancient cave dwellings, or the Sassi, which are thought to be among the first human settlements in Italy. These historical habitats provide a glimpse into prehistoric times and have been used as settings for numerous films.
History
Prehistoric Period to Middle Ages
The story of Matera begins with its prehistoric cave dwellings, carved into the soft tufa rock that typifies the region. Archaeological evidence indicates that these caves, known today as “Sassi”, were inhabited as early as the Paleolithic period. Over millennia, these natural caves were expanded and developed into more complex structures. By the Middle Ages, Matera had evolved into a thriving community, its unique geological and topographical features shaping its distinct historical trajectory.
13th Century to 19th Century
Matera saw a complex socio-economic transformation beginning in the 13th century when it was under the rule of the Kingdom of Naples. The city’s architecture and urban planning were significantly influenced during this period, with many churches and monasteries being constructed. However, despite these developments, the majority of Matera’s population lived in poverty, dwelling in the ancient cave structures that provided little in the way of modern comforts.
20th Century – Present
The 20th century was a period of profound change for Matera. By the mid-1900s, the living conditions in the Sassi were considered some of the most squalid in Europe, leading to the forced displacement of the cave residents by the government in the 1950s. The area lay abandoned until the 1980s when a resurgence of interest in Matera’s historical and cultural significance sparked regeneration efforts. This culminated with the listing of the Sassi as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993, recognizing their exceptional testimony to a civilizational tradition now lost in time. Today, Matera is celebrated not only for its historical heritage but also as a beacon of cultural renaissance, drawing tourists, artists, and scholars from around the globe.
Visit Matera
What to see and do in Matera
Exploring Matera offers a journey through a landscape of profound historical and aesthetic significance. Key attractions include:
- The Sassi di Matera: These ancient cave dwellings provide a window into human life spanning back to prehistoric times.
- The Rupestrian Churches: Carved from the rock, these churches are adorned with Byzantine frescoes.
- Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario: A preserved cave house museum that offers insights into the traditional lifestyle of the Sassi inhabitants.
- MUSMA: The Museum of Contemporary Sculpture, housed in a historic cave complex, meshes modern art with ancient settings.
- The Tramontano Castle: Begun in the 16th century, this unfinished fortress offers panoramic views of the city.
Festivals and Events in Matera
Matera hosts several cultural events throughout the year, notably:
- The “Festa della Bruna” on July 2nd: A historical religious festival with a dramatic fireworks display and a procession through the city.
- “Matera European Capital of Culture 2019”: Although a year-long past event, it left a lasting legacy of cultural enrichment and yearly follow-ups.
- The “Women’s Fiction Festival”: Held annually in September, this event attracts authors, publishers, and literary agents from around the world.
Best time to visit Matera
The ideal times to visit Matera are spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October). These seasons offer mild weather, making it comfortable to explore the extensive network of stone paths and stairways. The summer months, while more crowded, also buzz with festivity and offer extended evening cultural events that animate the ancient cityscape.
Is Matera worth visiting?
Without a doubt, Matera is worth visiting. Its rich tapestry of history, preserved through millennia in its unique cave dwellings and rupestrian churches, offers an unrivaled glimpse into human history and cultural development. The city’s recent cultural renaissance further enriches the visitor experience, making Matera not just a historical artifact but a living, breathing city of art and culture.
What are the best places to visit in Matera, Italy?
Matera, renowned for its ancient cave dwellings, offers a myriad of fascinating sites. Key highlights include the Sassi di Matera, ancient cave dwellings that have earned the city a UNESCO World Heritage title. Visitors should also explore the Cathedral of Santa Maria della Bruna and San Pietro Caveoso, situated in the heart of the old city, showcasing beautiful Romanesque architecture and frescoes. For those interested in history, the National Museum of Medieval and Modern Art of Basilicata provides insightful artifacts and art pieces from the region’s past. Lastly, don’t miss the chance to visit the Crypt of the Original Sin, often referred to as the “Sistine Chapel of cave churches” for its beautiful 9th-century frescoes.
What is the best time of year to visit Matera?
Matera can be visited year-round, but the best time to visit is during spring (April to June) and fall (September to October). During these months, the weather is pleasantly warm, making it comfortable to explore the extensive outdoor sites and the Sassi without the extreme temperatures of the summer. Additionally, visiting in these shoulder seasons helps avoid the peak tourist crowds, allowing for a more relaxed and immersive experience. Spring also brings the blooming of wildflowers, adding an extra layer of beauty to the landscape.
Are there guided tours available in Matera, and what do they typically involve?
Yes, Matera offers a variety of guided tours that cater to different interests including history, culture, and even food. Typical guided tours of Matera involve walking through the ancient cave dwellings of the Sassi di Matera, explaining their historical significance and cultural aspects. Several tours also include visits to local artisan workshops, historical churches, and panoramic views of the city. For a unique experience, some operators offer specialized tours, like evening walks and gastronomical tours that explore local cuisine. These guided tours are a fantastic way to gain deeper insight into the unique history and culture of Matera.
What local dishes should I try in Matera?
Matera is known for its rich culinary heritage, making it a great place to explore unique local dishes. Key foods to try include: – **Pane di Matera**: A traditional bread that’s distinctly shaped and has a unique texture and flavor due to the local wheat and baking methods. – **Orecchiette con le cime di rapa**: A typical pasta dish of the region served with turnip tops. – **Crapiata**: A hearty soup made from various legumes and grains, traditionally prepared during the harvest season. – **Lucanica di Picerno**: A flavorful, spiced sausage that’s typical of the region. Dining in Matera also provides the opportunity to taste local wines, such as the Aglianico del Vulture, enhancing the overall culinary experience.
Can I stay in a cave hotel in Matera, and what should I expect?
Yes, staying in a cave hotel is a unique experience available in Matera. These hotels offer modern comforts while preserving the architectural integrity and historical essence of the cave dwellings. Guests can expect well-appointed rooms with contemporary amenities such as Wi-Fi, air conditioning, and often luxurious touches like Jacuzzi tubs, all set within the ancient cave structures. This blend of old-world charm with modern luxury offers a unique ambiance that pays homage to the historical significance of Matera’s Sassi. Prices and styles vary, catering to different budgets and preferences.
What are some activities for families with children in Matera?
Matera offers several activities that are perfect for families, ensuring that both adults and children have a memorable experience: 1. **Exploring the Sassi**: Guided tours tailored for families explain the historical context in an engaging way for children. 2. **Matera Adventure Park**: Offers ziplining and treetop courses, ideal for children and adventurous adults alike. 3. **Cave dwelling workshops**: Some local artisans conduct workshops where children can learn about traditional crafts. 4. **The Rock Churches**: Visiting these ancient sites can be both educational and exciting for curious young minds. These activities provide educational and fun opportunities for children while allowing them to explore the rich cultural heritage of Matera.
How accessible is Matera for tourists with mobility issues?
Matera’s ancient cityscape, characterized by steep streets and uneven terrain, can present challenges for tourists with mobility issues. However, recent improvements have made parts of the Sassi and the city center more accessible. Some hotels and attractions have adapted facilities to accommodate guests with limited mobility, including accessible entrances and lifts. It’s advisable to check with specific venues and accommodation providers regarding their accessibility features. For exploring the Sassi, it is recommended to use the services of guided tours that can provide assistance and navigate the more accessible routes.
Are there any cultural etiquettes or customs I should be aware of while visiting Matera?
While Matera is a welcoming city, being aware of local customs and cultural etiquettes is always appreciated: – **Dress modestly** when visiting religious sites, covering shoulders and knees. – **Greet locals warmly**; saying “buongiorno” (good morning) or “buonasera” (good evening) can go a long way. – **Respect dining times**; locals typically dine late, with lunch around 1-2 PM and dinner around 8 PM or later. – **Tipping** is customary, usually rounding up the bill in cafes and leaving a 10% tip in restaurants. Being mindful of these simple customs will enhance your interaction with locals and enrich your experience in Matera.
