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Varanasi, also known as Benares, resonates deeply with spiritual significance and stands as one of India’s oldest and most revered cities. Renowned for its rich tapestry of history, culture, and spirituality, it is nestled along the banks of the sacred Ganges River. Pilgrims from across the world throng its ghats for holy dips and rituals, cementing its reputation as a premier spiritual destination. The city’s labyrinthine alleys hold an eclectic mix of vendors, ancient temples, ashrams, and aromas of street foods, presenting an assault on the senses that can be both bewildering and enchanting.
Plan your visit during the cooler months from November to February to avoid the intense heat and enjoy the city’s offerings comfortably.
Include a sunrise boat ride on the Ganges in your itinerary—it’s one of the most serene ways to experience the spiritual essence of Varanasi.
How to best experience Varanasi?
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GetYourGuide.com Viator.com Trip.com Expedia.com Tiqets.com Ctrip.com (中文)Varanasi: The Eternal City
| Country | India |
| Time in Varanasi | GMT+5:30 |
| Language spoken | Hindi |
| Population | 1.2 million (As per 2021 data) |
| Currency | Indian Rupee (₹, INR) |
| Airports | Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport (12 mi / 19 km). |
Varanasi, also known as Benares, is among the world’s oldest continually inhabited cities and is located on the banks of the Ganges River in Uttar Pradesh, Northern India. Known as the spiritual capital of India, this city is sacred to Hindus, Buddhists, and Jains and is considered the holiest of the seven sacred cities in Hinduism and Jainism. Historically, it was known as Kashi and was a commercial and industrial hub famous for its muslin and silk fabrics, perfumes, ivory works, and sculpture.
Varanasi has also been a cultural center of North India for several thousand years, preserving the traditions of classical music, crafts, and Hindu philosophy. Its prominence in Hindu mythology is virtually unrivaled. For over 3,000 years, it has attracted pilgrims who come to the ghats lining the Ganges to wash away sins in the sacred waters or to cremate their loved ones.
One of the largest residential universities of Asia, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), can be found in Varanasi. The city is also known for its many festivals, primarily the large fairs held on the banks of the Ganges such as the Prayagraj Kumbh Mela and the Dev Deepawali which are attended by millions of people from around the world, making it a significant tourist destination in India.
Where is Varanasi?
Located in the northeastern part of India in the state of Uttar Pradesh, along the banks of the river Ganges.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| New Delhi to Varanasi | 500 miles | 10 hours |
| Kolkata to Varanasi | 420 miles | 9 hours |
| Chennai to Varanasi | 1216 miles | 21 hours |
What is Varanasi famous for?
Varanasi is famous for its rich tapestry of music, arts, and education. Its ghats, intricate rituals related to life and death, and the vibrancy of its religious festivals encapsulate a living tradition that stretches back thousands of years.
History
Ancient Origins (Circa 1200-500 BCE)
Varanasi, one of the world’s oldest continually inhabited cities, is believed to have been a cultural and religious center for several thousand years. The city’s origins trace back to the Vedic period, where it was known as Kashi. Ancient scriptures such as the Rigveda mention Kashi as a prominent city, highlighting its significance in early Hindu traditions.
Medieval Period (1194-1775 CE)
Despite being plundered by invaders such as Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Varanasi managed to flourish, especially during the reign of Akbar the Great who promoted intellectual and cultural endeavors. The city became an important center for music, arts, and education, attracting scholars and artists from across the subcontinent.
British Colonial Era (1775-1947 CE)
During the British Raj, Varanasi continued to be an epicenter for religious and educational activities. The establishment of institutions like the Banaras Hindu University in 1916 further cemented its status as a center of learning. However, the period was also marked by political unrest and the struggle for Indian independence, in which Varanasi played a crucial role.
Modern Era (1947-Present)
In the post-independence era, Varanasi has embraced modernity while preserving its ancient traditions. It remains a key site for Hindu pilgrimage, a hub for learning Sanskrit and classical Indian arts, and has become increasingly important in India’s tourism and craft industries, continuing its legacy as a spiritual sanctuary.
Visit Varanasi
What to see and do in Varanasi, India
Visitors to Varanasi, India can immerse themselves in a profound cultural and spiritual journey. Key attractions include the famous riverfront Ghats such as Dashashwamedh Ghat, where you can witness the mesmerizing Ganga Aarti ceremony, and Manikarnika Ghat, a revered cremation site. The Kashi Vishwanath Temple is a must-visit, dedicated to Lord Shiva, and believed to be one of the holiest temples. The city is also known for its narrow labyrinthine alleys and markets where one can explore exquisite silk weaving products.
- Boat rides on the Ganges at dawn for a panoramic view of the Ghats.
- Visit to Sarnath, where Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon.
- Explore the Ramnagar Fort, an 18th-century crumbling marvel.
- Try local delicacies at street vendors or cafes along the Ghats.
Festive Celebrations in Varanasi
Varanasi is renowned for its vibrant festivals, most notably the Dev Deepawali, celebrated ten days after Diwali, typically in November. The city lights up elaborately, transforming the Ghats into a stunning spectacle reflective of a celestial congregation. Another key event is the Ganga Mahotsav, a five-day music and dance festival attracting artists and spectators nationwide.
Best time to visit Varanasi
The ideal time to visit Varanasi is from October to March. During these months, the weather remains cool and pleasant, making it comfortable for exploring the city. This period also aligns with several major festivals in Varanasi, providing visitors with an opportunity to experience the city’s rich cultural tapestry in full display.
Is Varanasi worth visiting?
Varanasi is undoubtedly worth visiting for those interested in spirituality, history, and culture. This ancient city offers a unique blend of sacred traditions, historical architecture, and dynamic cultural scenes, making it a captivating destination not just for pilgrims but for any traveler seeking depth and authenticity in their journeys.