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Kolkata, the cultural capital of India, stands as a vibrant witness to history and modernity coexisting harmoniously. Renowned for its colonial architecture, artistic festivals, and intellectual awakening, this city offers a unique blend of old-world charm and contemporary dynamism. Explorers can immerate themselves in Bengal’s rich tradition, from the eminent Howrah Bridge to the historic College Street. Kolkata also hosts some of India’s most significant cultural events like Durga Puja, attracting visitors globally.
Ensure to visit during the cooler months between November and February for a more comfortable exploration of the city’s offerings.
Try taking a tram ride through the city. It’s not just a means of transport but an immersive way to admire Kolkata’s historical streets.
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Kolkata: The Cultural Capital of India
| Country | India |
| Time in Kolkata | GMT+5:30 |
| Language spoken | Bengali |
| Population | 14,850,066 (World Population Review, 2021) |
| Currency | Indian Rupee (₹, INR) |
| Airports | Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport (10 mi / 16 km) |
In the heart of West Bengal, Kolkata, previously known as Calcutta, seeps with a rich historical aura mixed with its rampant cultural evolution, making it one of the most compelling cities in India. Founded as an East India Company trading post, it was India’s capital under the British Raj from 1773–1911. Today, Kolkata is known for its grand colonial architecture, art galleries, and cultural festivals. It is also home to the prestigious Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore’s ancestral house, now a museum dedicated to his life and works.
As the cultural capital, the city throbs with a literary, artistic, and revolutionary heritage uniquely binding the old with the new. The convergence of its dramatic history with a vibrant present makes Kolkata a compelling place to discover. From the Victorian-era Eden Gardens to the bustling bazaars of New Market, from the tranquil parks to the holy ghats of the Hooghly River, Kolkata offers an eclectic mix for everyone. Culinary enthusiasts relish Bengali cuisine, including traditional dishes such as fish curries and sweetmeats. The city’s intellectual pursuits can be seen in its expansive libraries and lively book fairs, fostering a generation deeply rooted in educational and philosophical discourse.
Every year, Kolkata transforms itself to host the Durga Puja festival, a lavish event that invites both national and international tourists to partake in its cultural opulence. In music, classical ragas blend with contemporary beats and create sounds that resonate through the bustling streets. Cricket, a prevailing passion among many Kolkatans, can be seen in every nook and corner of the city with children and adults indulging in the sport with much vigour. Kolkata is a city that charms not just with its sights but with its spirit, making it a memorable experience for any traveler.
Where is Kolkata?
Situated on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, Kolkata serves as the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| Delhi to Kolkata | 905 miles (1457 km) | Approximately 23 hours |
| Mumbai to Kolkata | 1204 miles (1938 km) | Approximately 31 hours |
| Bangalore to Kolkata | 1152 miles (1854 km) | Approximately 29 hours |
What is Kolkata famous for?
Kolkata is famous for its deep cultural roots from literature and art to the revolutionary spirit among its populace. It also hosts the grand Durga Puja festival, witnessing an amalgamation of art, spirituality, and culture.</625f2f320d0644adeda7b>
History
Before 1690-1698: Pre-Founding Era
Kolkata, formerly Calcutta, has a history that dates back to ancient times as a part of the Bengal region. Initially a small village known as Kalikata, it was primarily inhabited by fishermen and weavers. The region was under various rulers from ancient times, including the Maurya and Gupta Empires.
1690-1757: The Establishment and Early British Influence
The modern history of Kolkata began in 1690 when it was chosen by the British East India Company as a trade settlement. Job Charnock, an agent of the company, is often credited as the founder of the city. In 1698, the company bought three villages, including Kalikata, from local landlords. This marked the beginning of British development in the area, turning it into an important trading port.
1757-1947: Colonial Apex and Struggles for Independence
The Battle of Plassey in 1757, in which the British defeated the Nawab of Bengal, was a turning point for Kolkata, establishing British hegemony over Bengal and, subsequently, much of India. During the British Raj, Kolkata became the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911 and was the center of modern education, politics, and science. The city played a pivotal role in India’s struggle for independence, hosting key figures and movements like the Indian National Congress sessions and the activities of freedom fighters such as Subhas Chandra Bose.
1947-Present: Post-Independence Evolution
Post-independence, Kolkata experienced significant political and cultural changes. It remained the cultural capital of India, producing renowned global figures like filmmaker Satyajit Ray and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. Economically, the city faced challenges, including a dwindling industrial base and urban decay. Present-day Kolkata stands as a city that juxtaposes colonial architecture with urban sprawl, known for its vibrant cultural scene, intellectual debates, and a dynamic arts and literary environment.
Visit Kolkata
What to See and Do in Kolkata
Known for its rich history and vibrant culture, Kolkata offers a plethora of sights and activities. Exploration of Kolkata typically begins at the iconic Howrah Bridge. Visitors often marvel at the Victoria Memorial, an exquisite white marble museum that houses British Raj paintings and other memorabilia. The Indian Museum, one of the oldest in the world, displays a rare collection of antiques, armors, and ornaments.
- Take a tram ride through the city’s historic avenues.
- Explore College Street, known for its countless bookshops and intellectual conversations.
- Visit Kalighat Kali Temple, one of the most sacred Hindu shrines.
- Enjoy the greenery and tranquility of the Botanical Gardens, which feature the world’s largest banyan tree.
- Experience the bustling flower market on the banks of the river Hooghly.
Essential Events in Kolkata
Kolkata is host to numerous cultural and religious events throughout the year, which reflect the city’s rich traditions and vibrant community life. The most notable is the Durga Puja, a five-day festival usually held in September or October, celebrating the Hindu goddess Durga. During this period, the city transforms with elaborate temporary structures called pandals, vibrant processions, and cultural performances. Besides this, Kolkata also celebrates the Kolkata International Film Festival, attracting global cinema and artists usually in November.
Best Time to Visit Kolkata
The ideal time to visit Kolkata is during the winter months from November to February, when the weather is most pleasant. This period avoids the heavy monsoon rains and the stifling heat of the summer. Additionally, visiting during these months allows travelers to experience major festivals like Durga Puja in their full glory.
Is Kolkata Worth Visiting?
Kolkata is undeniably worth visiting for anyone interested in history, culture, and the arts. As the intellectual and cultural capital of India, the city offers a remarkable array of attractions, from historical sites and art galleries to literary festivals and vibrant markets. The unique blend of colonial and contemporary life, along with the warmth of its people, makes Kolkata a memorable destination that offers a different perspective of India.