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Howland Island, an unincorporated U.S. territory in the Pacific Ocean, stands as a testament to the mysteries of aviation history. This coral island, though uninhabited, carries historical significance due to Amelia Earhart’s ill-fated 1937 circumnavigation attempt. A member of the Phoenix Islands, Howland’s shores are a sanctuary for seabirds, and its isolation makes it a haven for marine biodiversity. For those with a penchant for history, nature, and adventure, this remote destination offers a unique, uncommercialized escape.
Given its remote location, ensure you have all essential provisions for the duration of your stay.
Remember, access may require permission due to its status; always check regulations beforehand.
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Howland Island: a remote Pacific paradise
| Capital | None (Unincorporated Territory) |
| Time in Howland Island | GMT -12 |
| Language spoken | English |
| Population | Uninhabited (Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) |
| Religion | Not applicable due to lack of permanent inhabitants |
| Currency | United States Dollar ($, USD) |
| Airports | None (airstrip present but not operational) |
The enigmatic Howland Island stands as a testament to both the unyielding force of nature and the indomitable human spirit. This unincorporated U.S. territory, largely untouched and uninhabited, boasts a rich tapestry of history. Its significance is magnified by tales of exploration and unsolved mysteries. Discovered in the mid-19th century by American traders, the island became a pivotal point for transpacific flights during the early 20th century. Despite its isolation and diminutive size, Howland Island’s historical relevance is profound, especially when intertwined with the legendary story of Amelia Earhart, whose ill-fated voyage in 1937 forever linked her name to this remote atoll.
Where is Howland Island located?
Howland Island is located in the Pacific Ocean, roughly halfway between Hawaii and Australia. It lies just north of the equator and is part of the Phoenix Islands group.
What is Howland Island famous for?
Howland Island is famously associated with aviator Amelia Earhart. It was her intended refueling stop during her 1937 circumnavigational flight. However, she mysteriously disappeared before reaching the island, sparking one of aviation’s greatest unsolved mysteries.
History
Pre-19th Century: Uninhabited Era
Howland Island is one of those rare geographical locations that has never been permanently inhabited by humans. This coral island situated in the Pacific Ocean remained virtually unknown until the age of exploration. It is worth noting that while there is no definitive historical record of pre-European discovery, it is possible that ancient Polynesians sailing through the Pacific could have encountered the island. However, there is no concrete archaeological evidence to support this notion.
19th Century: Age of Exploration and American Guano Act
The island gained visibility during the 19th century, primarily due to American maritime activities. The United States took control of Howland Island in 1857 under the American Guano Act for its rich phosphate deposits. This period marked the initiation of mining activities on the island, although the extraction was not extensive. In fact, the commercial viability of the island remained relatively low, leading to limited human activity.
Early 20th Century: Pan American Airways and the Earhart Mystery
In the 1930s, Howland Island gained particular prominence due to its inclusion in Pan American Airways’ trans-Pacific air route. An airstrip was constructed, and Itasca, a U.S. Coast Guard ship, was stationed off the island to provide radio contact for incoming flights. The island entered the annals of history most notably in 1937, when Amelia Earhart, the famed American aviator, disappeared while attempting to reach the island during her circumnavigational flight. The mystery surrounding her disappearance continues to intrigue historians and enthusiasts alike.
Mid 20th Century: World War II and Aftermath
During World War II, the United States planned to use Howland Island as a refueling stop for planes en route to the Pacific theatre. However, the island was bombed by the Japanese, and the subsequent military strategy did not include fortifying or using the island significantly. Following the war, the airstrip fell into disuse, and human activity on the island was minimized.
Late 20th – Early 21st Century: Environmental Preservation
As the 20th century progressed, attention gradually shifted towards the conservation of this uninhabited land. In 1974, Howland Island was designated a National Wildlife Refuge, with an emphasis on preserving its unique ecosystem. The island has become a subject of ecological studies, specifically focusing on the seabird populations that nest there. To this day, it remains unorganized and unincorporated, under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which administers the island as a National Wildlife Refuge.
Visit Howland Island
What to see and do in Howland Island
Although Howland Island is uninhabited and has no developed tourist facilities, there are still plenty of things to see and do for those who are willing to venture off the beaten path. Here are some suggestions for visitors:
- Explore the island’s pristine beaches and crystal-clear waters
- Observe the diverse bird species that inhabit the island
- Snorkel or dive in the surrounding coral reefs to discover the underwater marine life
- Take a guided tour or participate in a research expedition to learn more about the island’s unique ecosystem and wildlife
- Enjoy the tranquility and solitude of this remote and untouched paradise
Events in Howland Island
Due to its uninhabited nature, Howland Island does not host any specific events or festivals. Visitors can expect a peaceful and secluded experience all year round, with the opportunity to witness the island’s natural beauty and wildlife.
Best time to visit Howland Island
The best time to visit Howland Island is during the dry season, which generally falls between the months of December and April. This is when the weather is most favorable, with lower chances of rain and storms. The calm seas during this period also make it ideal for snorkeling and diving. However, it is important to note that access to the island is restricted and requires special permits, as it is a protected wildlife refuge.
Is Howland Island worth visiting?
While Howland Island may not offer the typical tourist attractions and amenities found in more popular destinations, it is an incredibly unique and pristine natural environment. For those who appreciate untouched nature and are interested in marine and bird life, Howland Island offers a rare opportunity to experience an untouched paradise. However, due to its remote location and limited accessibility, it may not be suitable for all travelers. It is important to plan and prepare accordingly, taking into account the necessary permits and logistics required for visiting the island. For those seeking a truly off-the-beaten-path adventure, Howland Island can be a rewarding destination.