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Mtskheta, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, holds a treasure trove of historical and cultural significance as Georgia’s former capital. Situated at the confluence of the Mtkvari and Aragvi rivers, its landscape is dominated by picturesque views and ancient architecture. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mtskheta offers an unparalleled glimpse into the past with its well-preserved monuments like the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral and Jvari Monastery, making it a vital piece of Georgia’s religious and national identity.
When visiting Mtskheta, ensure you dress modestly, especially when entering religious sites, to respect local customs and enhance your experience.
To fully experience Mtskheta’s historic charm, consider hiring a local guide who can provide insightful stories and details about the ancient city.
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| Country | Georgia |
| Time in Mtskheta | GMT+4 |
| Language spoken | Georgian |
| Population | 8,423 (according to the National Statistics Office of Georgia, 2023) |
| Currency | Georgian Lari (₾, GEL) |
| Airports |
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Mtskheta is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and holds a profoundly sacred status in the heart of Georgia. This city, just 20 kilometers north of the capital, Tbilisi, is known for its ancient architecture and religious significance. As the former capital of the Eastern Georgian Kingdom of Iberia from the third century BC, it has long been the seat of Georgian Christian culture and was declared a Holy City by the Georgian Orthodox Church.
Indeed, Mtskheta’s historic churches, such as Svetitskhoveli Cathedral and Jvari Monastery, are pivotal religious sites and form part of its UNESCO World Heritage status. Both landmarks stand as classic examples of medieval religious architecture in the Caucasus and draw pilgrims and tourists alike.
Apart from its historical and architectural allure, Mtskheta offers visitors a glimpse into the traditional Georgian lifestyle, with its quaint streets and eclectic mix of old houses and modern cafes. The city’s picturesque setting at the confluence of the Mtkvari and Aragvi rivers adds to its charm, offering stunning landscapes and a peaceful environment that contrasts sharply with the hustle of nearby Tbilisi.
Mtskheta is not just about ancient monuments and scenic beauty; it is a vibrant center of Georgian culture. Frequent cultural festivals, a thriving crafts scene, and local gastronomy specializing in Georgian cuisine, enhance its appeal. The city also serves as a gateway for exploring the greater Mtskheta-Mtianeti region, known for its mountainous landscapes and outdoor activities.
Whether visiting for its historical insights, spiritual significance, or merely to enjoy the serene and welcoming atmosphere, Mtskheta provides a unique blend of ancient and contemporary influences, making it a must-visit destination in Georgia.
Where is Mtskheta?
Mtskheta is located at the crossroads of major routes in the eastern part of Georgia, just 20 kilometers north of Tbilisi.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| Tbilisi to Mtskheta | 12.5 miles (20 km) | 30 minutes |
| Gori to Mtskheta | 34 miles (55 km) | 50 minutes |
| Batumi to Mtskheta | 220 miles (355 km) | 5 hours 20 minutes |
What is Mtskheta famous for?
Mtskheta is renowned for its rich history as the former capital of the Georgian Kingdom of Iberia and its major religious significance, housing several ancient churches including the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral and Jvari Monastery.
History
Mtskheta, one of the oldest cities of Georgia, is profoundly stitched into the very fabric of Georgian identity and its tapestry of history. Located at the confluence of the Aragvi and Mtkvari rivers, Mtskheta was originally inhabited by early Iron Age cultures, which gradually evolved into a thriving urban center by around 1,000 BC.
1000 BC – 337 AD: Ancient Beginnings and Pagan Traditions
Mtskheta’s early inhabitants established a settlement that was significant enough to become the center of the Eastern Georgian Kingdom of Iberia. The strategic and fertile location supported a prosperous community, heavily influenced by various surrounding entities like the Persian Empire. By the 4th century BC, Mtskheta was a vital crossroad of trade routes and cultural exchanges. The introduction of paganism marked the religious landscape of the region during this period.
337 AD – 10th Century: Birth of Christianity and Religious Development
The year 337 marks a pivotal turn in Georgia’s religious history when Christianity was declared as the state religion. Mtskheta, being the capital, was the heart of this transformation. Saint Nino, a key figure in Georgian Christianity, is believed to have performed numerous miracles in Mtskheta, eventually leading to the construction of the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral—a symbol of the new religious fervor that would dominate Georgian spiritual and cultural life for centuries to come.
10th Century – 18th Century: Medieval Strength and Later Decline
Throughout the medieval period, Mtskheta continued to be a major economic and cultural center, despite losing its status as the capital to Tbiliisi. The city saw the construction of numerous significant architectural structures, including monasteries and churches, reinforcing its status as a spiritual hub. However, as empires rose and fell, Mtskheta experienced periods of both prosperity and decline, influenced by Mongol invasions and later, Persian incursions, which eventually led to its diminishing political and economic influence.
18th Century – Present: Restoration and Revival
The modern era brought about a revival and restoration of Mtskheta’s ancient monuments spearheaded by various Georgian and international bodies recognizing the city’s historical and cultural significance. Today, Mtskheta stands as a testament to Georgia’s rich history, drawing visitors from around the globe and serving as a vibrant reminder of the country’s journey through the ages.
Visit Mtskheta
What to see and do in Mtskheta
Mtskheta offers a profound peek into the rich tapestry of Georgian heritage, with its ancient churches and scenic beauty. Top attractions include:
- Svetitskhoveli Cathedral: A masterpiece of the Early Middle Ages and a sacred place where the robe of Christ is believed to be buried.
- Jvari Monastery: Perched on a hill and offering panoramic views of the confluence of the Mtkvari and Aragvi rivers.
- Samtavro Monastery: Known for its beautiful frescoes and historical significance in Georgian Christianity.
- Armaztsikhe-Bagineti: Ancient ruins that provide insight into the pre-Christian period of Mtskheta.
- Shio-Mgvime Monastery: A serene monastery set in a picturesque limestone cave.
Festivals and Events in Mtskheta
Mtskheta is vibrant with cultural events, particularly celebrating its historic and religious heritage. Key events include:
- Mtskhetoba: Celebrated in October, this festival honors the city’s history with traditional music, dance, and culinary delights.
- Easter in Mtskheta: A spiritual celebration with special services in its ancient churches.
Best time to visit Mtskheta
The best time to visit Mtskheta is during the spring (April to June) and fall (September to October). These periods offer mild weather, making it ideal for exploring the outdoor historical sites and participating in local festivals.
Is Mtskheta worth visiting?
Absolutely, Mtskheta is certainly worth visiting. It not only provides a glimpse into the spiritual heart of Georgia but also offers a journey through time with its well-preserved historical architecture and ongoing traditions. It’s a place where history resonates in every alley and church, making it a must-visit for those who appreciate cultural depth and historical significance.