Tallinn, Estonia

Today Tallinn is the financial and business capital of Estonia and is well-known for its well preserved medioeval old town, named Vanalinn (UNESCO World Heritage).

Member of the Hanseatic League since 1285, Tallinn, today’s capital of Estonia, was for centuries one of the most important transit cities for trade between Russia and Europe. Today, thanks to its strategic position between the technologically advanced Scandinavia and the resources of the Russian Federation, it attracts investors from all over the world. Tallinn has the highest number of start-ups per person among European countries and is the birthplace of many international high-technology companies, including Skype, Bolt and Wise. The city is home to the headquarters of the European Union’s IT agency, and to the NATO Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence. In 2007, Tallinn was listed among the top-10 digital cities in the world.

Tallinn is not a huge city and it is walkable so 2 or 3 days are enough to visit it if you don’t want to miss out on all the best things to do in Tallinn. Even Kadriorg Palace, which is ostensibly outside the city, can be seen in a morning or afternoon.

The city is a destination to visit all year round but the ideal time to visit it is May-June because of an amount of factors such as the climate, cost of travel and accomodation, as well as avoiding peak holiday periods. In summer, the temperature in Tallinn can raise high as 27°C (80°F).

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Top things to do & see in Tallinn

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Tallinn: Estonia’s Historic Jewel

Country
Estonia

Time in Tallinn
GMT+2

Language spoken
Estonian

Population
437,619 (Source: Statistics Estonia, 2023)

Currency
Euro (EUR €)

Airports

Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport (4 mi / 6 km)

Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, is steeped in history and culture. Located on the northern coast of the country, facing the Gulf of Finland, it is one of the best-preserved medieval cities in Europe. Its Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a maze of cobblestone streets and alleyways, dotted with historic buildings, quaint cafes, and artisan shops. Tallinn seamlessly combines its rich past with modern amenities and vibrant cultural life, making it a fascinating destination for tourists and historians alike.

Where is Tallinn?

Nestled on the northern coast of Estonia, Tallinn faces the Baltic Sea and is a short voyage across from Helsinki, Finland..

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
Tartu to Tallinn	186 km	2 hours 30 min
Pärnu to Tallinn	128 km	1 hour 50 min

What is Tallinn famous for?

Known for its well-preserved Old Town, Tallinn is also famous for its rich history, vibrant tech scene, and as a cultural hub with numerous museums, galleries, and theaters.

History

Up to 1219: Ancient Beginnings

The history of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, traces back to ancient times when it was inhabited by Finno-Ugric tribes. Archaeological findings suggest that the area was settled by these tribes as early as 5000 BCE. By the first millennium, the region had become a pivotal trading hub due to its strategic location along the Baltic Sea, facilitating vibrant trade routes with both Western Europe and the eastern territories.

1219–1561: Danish and Teutonic Rule

In 1219, Tallinn fell under the control of Danish crusaders led by King Valdemar II. The Danes built the town’s foundational fortifications, which led to the city being formally recognized and named Reval. In 1346, control of the city was sold to the Teutonic Order, influencing the development of architectural and cultural facets that remain prominent to this day. The period saw significant German influence as many German merchants and craftsmen settled in the region.

1561–1710: Swedish Influence

After a power struggle in the Baltic region, Tallinn came under Swedish rule in 1561. This period was marked by administrative reforms and the advancement of education and social institutions, shaping much of the city’s modern character. During Swedish rule, the city witnessed the construction of significant buildings and the fortification of its defenses.

1710–1918: Tsarist Era

With the Great Northern War, Tallinn was overtaken by Russia in 1710 and remained part of the Tsarist empire until 1918. This period introduced Russian architectural styles and strengthened the city’s status as a key port. The era also saw periods of intense Russification, though it stimulated growth and modernization, particularly in the 19th century.

1918–Present: Independence and Modern Era

Estonia declared independence in 1918, leading to major political and social changes in Tallinn. After brief occupations by Germany and the Soviet Union during and after World War II, Estonia regained its independence in 1991. Since then, Tallinn has transformed into a vibrant, modern capital with a strong sense of its rich history intertwined with contemporary advancements. The city has particularly focused on technology and cultural development, playing a crucial role in the digital and cultural landscapes of modern Europe.

Visit Tallinn

What to see and do in Tallinn, Estonia

Explore the enchanting city of Tallin, where the past meets the present. Visitors can delve into its vibrant history at the well-preserved medieval Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Highlights include the Toompea Castle, the seat of Estonian government and the majestic Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. Art enthusiasts will enjoy Kumu, the museum of Estonian art. For a touch of nature, stroll through Kadriorg Park, a baroque garden established by Peter the Great.

Toompea Castle
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
Kumu – Museum of Estonian Art
Kadriorg Park

Annual Events in Tallinn

Throughout the year, Tallinn hosts an array of cultural and artistic events. Prominent amongst them is the Tallinn Music Week, held every spring, turning the city into a vibrant hub of music and culture. The Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival, taking place in November, is another major event, drawing cinema enthusiasts from around the globe.

Best time to visit Tallinn

The best times to visit Tallinn are during late spring and early autumn when the weather is pleasantly mild and the city is less crowded. May to September offers the warmest climate and a full slate of events, making it ideal for exploring the city’s outdoor and cultural activities.

is Tallinn worth visiting?

Tallin is undoubtedly worth a visit for its fascinating blend of history, culture, and modernity. The beautifully preserved medieval Old Town, vibrant cultural scene, and friendly locals provide a welcoming atmosphere for all visitors. While the city can be crowded during peak tourist seasons, and winters might be harsh, the unique charm of Tallinn during quieter months and the array of events and attractions make it a compelling destination year-round.

What are the top culinary experiences in Tallinn?

Tallinn is renowned for its vibrant culinary scene that blends traditional Estonian cuisine with modern influences. Top experiences include dining at local restaurants that serve classic dishes like Kama (a traditional Estonian dessert made from roasted grains), black bread, and smoked fish. For a unique twist, check out restaurants offering a modern take on these classics. Additionally, food tours are available that highlight the local markets like Balti Jaama Turg, where you can taste a variety of fresh produce and local specialties. Don’t miss out on the chance to sample handmade chocolates and marzipan, a local favorite, at historic confectioneries such as the Kalev Marzipan Room.

How can tourists best explore the medieval heritage of Tallinn?

Exploring Tallinn’s medieval heritage is best experienced by walking through the Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Begin with a guided tour of Toompea Castle, followed by visits to the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and St. Mary’s Cathedral. Walking along the cobblestone streets, you’ll discover medieval buildings, ancient walls, and towers that speak volumes of Tallinn’s rich history. For a more immersive experience, participate in a medieval-themed workshop or dinner where you can dress in period costumes and enjoy traditional medieval Estonian foods and entertainment.

What unique shopping experiences are available in Tallinn?

Shopping in Tallinn offers a mix of traditional crafts and modern Estonian design. Visit the Masters’ Courtyard, where local artisans sell handmade crafts, jewelry, and art. For contemporary design, explore the boutiques in the Telliskivi Creative City, known for its innovative and sustainable products. Moreover, Tallinn’s Christmas Market is a must-visit for unique seasonal gifts and goods such as hand-knitted sweaters, amber jewelry, and wooden handicrafts. Additionally, antique shops around the Old Town offer a plethora of items, from Soviet-era memorabilia to vintage Baltic treasures.

What are the must-visit museums in Tallinn?

Tallinn hosts several must-visit museums that cater to a variety of interests. The Seaplane Harbour (Lennusadam) offers an exciting look at maritime history with its collection of ships and submarines. The Kumu Art Museum, part of the Estonian Art Museum, displays Estonian art from the 18th century onwards. History enthusiasts will appreciate the Estonian History Museum which gives insight into local culture and history. For a more interactive experience, the Tallinn TV Tower provides panoramic views of the city and exhibits on Estonian history and technology.

Where can visitors relax and enjoy nature in Tallinn?

For nature enthusiasts, Tallinn offers several beautiful parks and natural areas. Kadriorg Park is a top choice with its manicured gardens, swan pond, and serene atmosphere. It also houses the Kadriorg Palace, a stunning example of Petrine Baroque architecture. For coastal views, the Pirita Promenade is ideal for long walks or cycling along the beach. A visit to the Paljassaare Peninsula offers a unique opportunity for bird watching and peaceful hikes. Additionally, the Tallinn Botanic Garden presents a tranquil setting with its diverse selection of flora.

What are Tallinn's best options for nightlife?

Tallinn’s nightlife is vibrant and varied. From traditional pubs serving local beers to trendy nightclubs featuring international DJs, there’s something for everyone. Check out the bars and clubs in the Old Town, particularly on the bustling streets of Vana-Viru and Sauna. For a more relaxed atmosphere, visit some of the city’s craft beer pubs, such as Põhjala Tap Room, known for its extensive selection of craft brews. Additionally, cultural events like theatre performances and live music concerts can be enjoyed at venues across the city, including the Estonian National Opera.

Can tourists visit any castles in or around Tallinn?

While Tallinn itself is famed for its medieval buildings and historic sites, those interested in visiting castles can explore several near the city. Toompea Castle, situated on Toompea Hill within the city, is a must-visit for its significant political and historical importance and stunning views of the city. For a day trip, visit the picturesque Rakvere Castle located about an hour’s drive from Tallinn. The castle offers interactive exhibits, knight tournaments, and medieval activities that transport visitors back in time.

What family-friendly activities are available in Tallinn?

Tallinn offers plenty of family-friendly activities that cater to all ages. The Estonian Open Air Museum provides an interactive look into Estonian rural life through reconstructed farms, work demonstrations, and folk shows. Children will enjoy the Energy Discovery Centre, a hands-on science museum that focuses on physics experiments and space exploration. Another favorite is the Tallinn Zoo, home to a wide variety of global wildlife. During warmer months, the city’s beaches, such as Pirita Beach, offer a great escape with safe swimming areas, playgrounds, and picnic spots.

Tallinn