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Nestled on the Red Sea coast, Massawa, Eritrea, boasts a rich tapestry of history and culture that beckons travelers from around the globe. Renowned for its exquisite Ottoman and Italian colonial architecture, this port city captivates visitors with its preserved structures and enchanting atmosphere. Discover the allure of its coral stone buildings and the delightfully diverse culinary scene. Ideal for history enthusiasts and adventure seekers alike, Massawa serves as a gateway to the breathtaking Dahlak Archipelago and the rugged landscapes of the Eritrean highlands.
Venture to the old city to experience Massawa during the cooler early mornings when the historic charm feels most alive and the streets are less crowded.
Don’t miss the chance to indulge in the local seafood cuisine. Dining by the seafront as the sun sets offers an unforgettable culinary experience.
How to best experience Massawa?
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Massawa: The Pearl of the Red Sea
| Country | Eritrea |
| Time in Massawa | GMT+3 |
| Language spoken | Tigrinya |
| Population | 53,100 (source: Eritrea Central Statistics Agency, 2023) |
| Currency | Nakfa (ERN €) |
| Airports | Massawa International Airport (4 mi / 6.4 km). |
Massawa, also known historically as Mitsiwa, is a pearl on the Red Sea coast of Eritrea, famed for its distinct combination of architectural monuments hailing from the Ottoman, Egyptian, Italian, and British colonization periods. Its history extends back to the 15th century when it served as the region’s pivotal port, intertwining Africa with the Middle East and Asia through trade and culture.
Where is Massawa?
Massawa is a serene city located on the northeastern coast of Eritrea, along the Red Sea.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
| Asmara to Massawa | 70 mi (113 km) | 2 hours 30 minutes |
| Keren to Massawa | 125 mi (201 km) | 3 hours 45 minutes |
What is Massawa famous for?
Massawa is renowned for its rich history and diverse cultural tapestry, including its Italian and Turkish-influenced architecture, and its reputation as a gateway for international trade.
History
Ancient Beginnings (9th century BC – 4th century AD)
Massawa, situated on the Red Sea coast of Eritrea, has been an important port city since ancient times. The area was known to the Egyptians as early as the 9th century BC. By the 4th century AD, Massawa began to evolve under the Aksumite Empire, serving as a key port for trade between the interior highlands and the rest outside world, particularly trading with Egypt, Arabia, and India.
Ottoman and Egyptian Rule (16th Century – 19th Century)
In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire captured Massawa, using it as a base to extend their influence in the region. The city flourished as a trading hub under Ottoman rule. By the mid-19th century, Egypt took control, modernizing the port’s infrastructure, which enhanced its status as a vital commercial center in the Red Sea.
Italian Colonial Period (1885–1941)
Massawa fell under Italian rule in 1885 after the Battle of Dogali. The Italians further developed the port and built the scenic railway linking Massawa with Asmara, contributing significantly to its economic growth. Architecturally, the period left a lasting European mark on the city’s landscape, with many buildings still reflecting Italian style.
British Administration and Ethiopian Annexation (1941–1991)
After World War II, the British took over administration of Massawa until 1952. Subsequently, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia, and later annexed as a province in 1962. During the Eritrean War for Independence, Massawa was heavily bombarded, leading to significant destruction.
Modern Era and Rebuilding (1991-Present)
Massawa was one of the first cities liberated by the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front in 1990. Since Eritrea’s independence in 1991, efforts have been underway to rebuild and revitalize the city, restoring its historical structures and rejuvenating its economy as a vital port and tourist destination.
Visit Massawa
What to see and do in Massawa, Eritreta
Exploring Massawa offers a blend of historical intrigue and scenic beauty. Visitors can:
- Wander through the Old City to see the blend of Turkish and Italian architecture.
- Visit Dahlak Archipelago, ideal for diving and snorkeling in its pristine Red Sea waters.
- Explore the Imperial Palace and the Sheikh Hanafi Mosque, highlighting Massawa’s rich history.
- Take a ride on the Massawa-Asmara railway for breathtaking views between the coastal lowlands and highlands.
Festivals in Massawa
Massawa is lively during various cultural and national festivities. Notably, the Massawa International Film Festival held in November attracts filmmakers and enthusiasts from across the globe, celebrating both local and international cinema.
Best time to visit Massawa
The optimal time to visit Massaway is between November and March, when the climate is cooler and more comfortable for exploring and participating in outdoor activities.
Is Massawa worth visiting?
Massawa is undoubtedly worth a visit for those intrigued by history and culture. Its rich past, from Ottoman influence to Italian architecture, offers a unique glimpse into the converging forces that shaped this region. However, visitors should be prepared for the hot, arid climate, and the ongoing reconstruction efforts in some parts of the city might pose inconveniences. Despite these challenges, Massawa’s charm, historical significance and the natural beauty of its surrounding landscapes offer compelling reasons to explore this coastal city.