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Calama, a gateway to the vast Atacama Desert in Chile, offers a fascinating blend of rich history and natural beauty. This city, renowned for being near the largest open-pit copper mine in the world, Chuquicamata, invites explorers to experience its unique landscape and cultural heritage.
Calama serves as an essential starting point for adventurers looking to dive into the mysteries of the desert, featuring stark scenic views and a peek into the ancient communities that thrived in this arid region. Whether you’re a history buff or a nature lover, Calama provides a distinctive backdrop for an unforgettable journey.
Ensure to visit during the cooler months from May to August, as the desert temperatures can be more forgiving, making your exploration of Calama and its surroundings more comfortable.
Allocate time to explore the nearby ghost towns of Chuquicamata, after a tour of its colossal copper mine, to fully immerse yourself in the region’s mining history.
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Calama: Gateway to the Atacama
| Country | Chile |
| Time in Calama | GMT-3 |
| Language spoken | Spanish |
| Population | 147,886 (INE 2017) |
| Currency | Chilean Peso (CLP, $) |
| Airports | El Loa Airport (3 mi / 5 km). |
Calama, a city in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, is often seen as just a gateway to more glamorous locations; however, it holds its own unique charm. As an oasis and a copper mining hub, Calama is crucial to Chile’s booming mining sector. It’s one of Chile’s fastest-growing urban areas, thanks to the wealth generated by the copper mining industry. Located in the Loa Province of the Antofagasta Region, it is the third most populous city in the north of Chile.
The history of Calama is deeply intertwined with mining, dating back to the 19th century. The city has grown around the industry, which attracts workers and investors from across the globe. The surrounding landscape offers more than just work, with beautiful desert vistas and close proximity to natural wonders like the El Tatio geysers and the Moon Valley in the nearby Atacama Desert.
Despite its industrial roots, Calama is trying to diversify its economic base and improve its touristic appeal. Efforts are underway to develop local tourism, including promotion of historical sites and outdoor activities in the surrounding desert. For those wishing to experience the stark beauty of the Atacama and understand the complexities of Chile’s mining industry, Calama provides a unique vantage point.
Where is Calama?
Calama is located in the heart of the Atacama Desert in Chile, South America, roughly 1,400 kilometers north of the capital, Santiago.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| Calama to Santiago | 1550 km | Approx. 16 hours |
| Calama to Antofagasta | 215 km | Approx. 2.5 hours |
| Calama to San Pedro de Atacama | 100 km | Approx. 1.5 hours |
What is Calama famous for?
Calama is internationally recognized for its proximity to Chuquicamata, the largest open-pit copper mine in the world, drawing visitors interested in industrial tourism.
History
Pre-Columbian Era – Before 15th Century
The region around Calama has been inhabited for thousands of years, serving as a home to the Atacameño people, who cultivated the desert using advanced irrigation systems and were known for their fortitude in surviving one of the harshest climates on earth. Artefacts and ruins in the area still testify to their presence and ingenuity.
15th Century – Inca Conquest
The Incas expanded into the area in the 15th century, bringing with them their culture, architecture, and stonework, influencing the local practices significantly. This period marked the introduction of new agricultural techniques and the elevation of the infrastructure in the region.
1536-19th Century – Spanish Colonization
Calama’s transformation accelerated when Diego de Almagro, a Spanish Conquistador, passed through during his expedition. Following this, the area became a part of the Spanish Empire. Mining began to take hold during this time, notably for copper and other minerals, setting the stage for future exploitation.
20th Century – The Mining Boom
The modern history of Calama is predominantly shaped by the development of the Chuquicamata copper mine, the largest open pit copper mine in the world. This not only transformed the economy of Calama but also its landscape and population, as workers from all over Chile and other countries came to the city.
21st Century – Contemporary Calama
Today, Calama is considered an important urban hub in the North of Chile. It continues to thrive on mining but is also making significant strides in tourism, leveraging its rich cultural heritage and proximity to natural wonders such as the Atacama Desert and geothermal fields.
Visit Calama
What to see and do in Calama, Chile
Calama, a gateway to the Atacama Desert, offers a mix of natural beauty and historical landmarks. Key attractions include:
- Chuquicamata Mine: Take a tour to see one of the largest open pit copper mines.
- Loa Park: Ideal for picnics and leisure walks, showcasing local flora.
- San Juan Bautista Cathedral: Known for its architectural beauty.
- Calama Cultural Center: Hosts art exhibits and cultural events, providing insights into the local culture.
- Desert tours: Various tours available that explore the surrounding Atacama Desert.
Annual Festivals in Calama
Calama is vibrant with its annual festivals, particularly:
- The Mining Festival (March): Celebrates the city’s mining heritage with parades and music.
- The San Juan Bautista Feast (June): A religious and cultural festival with processions and fireworks.
Each event draws visitors from across Chile and beyond, adding to the city’s lively atmosphere.
Best time to visit Calama
The optimal time to visit Calama is during the spring months (September to November) and autumn (March to May). These periods offer milder temperatures and less crowd, allowing for a more enjoyable exploration of the desert landscapes and local culture.
Is Calama worth visiting?
Calama indeed merits a visit, especially for those intrigued by industrial heritage and natural beauty. Its rich history intertwined with the exploitation and cultural amalgamation provides a unique insight not just into the city but into the broader story of human resilience and innovation in harsh environments.
The proximity to the Atacama Desert, with its stunning landscapes and astronomical observatories, adds another layer to its appeal, making it a worthwhile addition to any travel itinerary in Chile.