Brussels, Belgium

Brussels, Belgium’s capital, is a city that represents a complex blend of languages, cultures, and influences, making it a unique European destination. It is known for its art nouveau architecture, rich history, and vibrant political scene, being the administrative center of the European Union. Brussels is also famous for its chocolate, beer, and a thriving café culture, offering a palatable experience to anyone who visits. Its diverse neighborhoods, from the historic Grand Place to the trendy Saint-Gilles, promise a varied and enriching experience.

For an authentic Brussels experience, indulge in a traditional Belgian waffle from a street vendor, then visit the iconic Atomium for breathtaking views of the city.

Consider using the Brussels Card, which offers free entry to over 30 museums and discounts on attractions, making it ideal for explorers looking to immerse themselves in the city’s rich culture.

How to best experience Brussels?

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Brussels: A Melting Pot of Culture and History

Country
Belgium

Time in Brussels
GMT+1

Language spoken
Dutch, French

Population
1.2 million (Source: Eurostat 2023)

Currency
Euro (€, EUR)

Airports

Brussels Airport (Zaventem) (8 mi / 13 km)
Brussels South Charleroi Airport (29 mi / 47 km)

Brussels, the capital of Belgium and the administrative heart of the European Union, is renowned for its vibrant atmosphere and rich history. The city is an international metropolis—a mosaic of languages, cultures, and traditions. Its streets are home to beautiful café terraces, impressive green spaces, grand monuments, and bustling plazas.

Famed for its culinary treats, from Belgian chocolates to waffles and fries, Brussels offers myriad gourmet treats that attract food lovers from around the globe. The city is also known for its landmarks like the magnificent Grand Place, which has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1998. The iconic Atomium also provides a panoramic view of the city.

Brussels also has a robust international reputation with NATO and the European Commission based there, making it a pivotal hub for international politics.

Totaling a dynamic blend of historical and contemporary, Brussels is a city where history and modernity coexist beautifully. Its architectural and cultural heritage command worldwide recognition, dazzling those who tour its century-old streets and timeless charm.

Where is Brussels?

Located in the heart of Belgium, Brussels is surrounded by the regions of Flanders and Wallonia.

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
Antwerp to Brussels	45 km	55 min
Ghent to Brussels	60 km	1 hr
Liège to Brussels	100 km	1.5 hrs

What is Brussels famous for?

Brussels stands out for its cosmopolitan vibe and its role as a major center for international politics, featuring both the headquarters of NATO and numerous EU institutions.

History

Prehistoric to Roman Times (before 1000 AD)

Brussels, situated at the crossroads of trade routes, was a vibrant region as early as the Stone Age and later during the Roman era. Archaeological evidence suggests the presence of a Celtic tribe known as the Belgae around the area later known as Brussels. The name ‘Brussels’ itself is believed to have Celtic origins, signifying a “home in the marsh”. The strategic location of the city on the River Senne made it a notable Roman trade hub between the larger cities of Cologne and Bruges.

The Middle Ages (1000-1500 AD)

It was during the Middle Ages that Brussels started to gain prominence. By the 11th century, a small fortification was built on an island in the Senne, laying the foundation for the city’s future growth. The city gained its charter in 1229, which provided the rights to hold markets, a crucial factor in its economic rise. The 14th century witnessed the construction of iconic landmarks like the City Hall, reflecting the wealth and influence of Brussels within the Duchy of Brabant.

Renaissance to Modern Era (1500-1800 AD)

The Renaissance period saw Brussels become the de facto capital of the Habsburg Netherlands. The city flourished in arts under rulers like Charles V and later the Archdukes Albert and Isabella, attracting master artists such as Pieter Bruegel the Elder. However, the city was also marked by military sieges and occupations, including by Spanish and French forces, which shaped its architectural and cultural landscape.

19th Century to World War II (1800-1945)

Following Belgium’s independence in 1830, Brussels was chosen as the capital of the newly formed country. The city underwent significant transformations during the Industrial Revolution, expanding beyond its medieval walls and developing new neighborhoods. The early 20th century was a period of artistic movements, such as Art Nouveau, characterized by figures like Victor Horta, whose work left a lasting impact on the city’s architectural identity. However, the world wars brought significant destruction, especially during the German occupation in both wars.

Post-World War II to Present (1945-Present)

In the post-war years, Brussels emerged as an international city, largely due to hosting the European Union’s main institutions and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This international status fueled economic growth and transformed the city into a melting pot of cultures. Today, Brussels is recognized for its multicultural ambiance, coupled with a rich historical heritage that continues to attract tourists and expatriates alike.

Visit Brussels

What to see and do in Brussels

Brussels, the heart of Belgium and the administrative center of the European Union, offers a wonderful blend of historical and modern attractions. Key landmarks include the stunning Grand Place, a UNESCO World Heritage site, known for its opulent guild houses and the striking Gothic-style Town Hall. The Atomium, a structure of nine interconnected spheres representing an iron crystal, provides unique views of the city. Art lovers will relish a visit to the Royal Museums of Fine Arts, which house a rich collection of Flemish paintings.

Explore the vibrant Mont des Arts for a cultural stroll.
Sample Belgian culinary delights like chocolate and waffles at local cafés.
Visit the Manneken Pis, an iconic but quirky statue of a little boy, which often dons different costumes.

Events in Brussels

Brussels is host to numerous events throughout the year, making it a lively destination regardless of the season. The Brussels International Film Festival, held annually in June, celebrates international cinema. For beer enthusiasts, the Brussels Beer Weekend in September is a must, offering a taste of various Belgian brews. During winter, the Plaisirs d’Hiver or Winter Wonders turns the city into a magical holiday destination with its enchanting Christmas market and ice-skating rinks.

Best time to visit Brussels

The ideal times to visit Brussels are late spring (May-June) and early fall (September-October) when the weather is generally mild, and the city is less crowded. These periods also coincide with some of the city’s most popular events, enhancing the cultural experience.

Is Brussels worth visiting?

Brussels is certainly worth visiting for those who appreciate intricate historical layers combined with the vibrancy of a modern European city. The architectural grandeur of the past meets contemporary art and politics, making it a fascinating place to explore. However, visitors should be mindful of the weather, as Brussels tends to have a damp, maritime climate that might not appeal to everyone. Language differences might also pose a challenge, although English is widely spoken. Despite these minor setbacks, the city’s rich cultural tapestry, friendly locals, and excellent cuisine make it a compelling destination.

What are the must-see attractions in Brussels?

Brussels, the heart of Belgium, is home to numerous must-see attractions that showcase its rich history and vibrant culture. One of the top sites is the Grand Place, known for its ornate guildhalls and the impressive Town Hall. Visitors should also explore the Manneken Pis, a famous bronze sculpture that has become an icon of the city’s irreverent spirit. The Royal Palace, another significant site, offers insights into the royal history of Belgium and beautifully landscaped gardens. Art enthusiasts will appreciate a visit to the Magritte Museum, dedicated to the famous surrealist artist René Magritte. Moreover, the Atomium, originally constructed for the 1958 Brussels World’s Fair, provides an unparalleled view of the city and unique architecture to admire.

Where can I find the best Belgian waffles in Brussels?

For those seeking authentic Belgian waffles, Brussels offers numerous outstanding options. Maison Dandoy is renowned for its traditional Brussels waffles, crispy on the outside and soft on the inside – a local favorite that draws both tourists and residents alike. Another excellent choice is Le Funambule, located near the Manneken Pis statue; their waffles are well-loved for their rich toppings. For a more gourmet experience, try Les Gâteries du Pépin, a cozy cafe renowned for incorporating unusual flavors into their waffles. No trip to Brussels would be complete without indulging in this sweet treat, making any of these spots worth a visit for their quality and authenticity.

How can I experience local culture in Brussels?

Experiencing local culture in Brussels can be both vibrant and deeply enriching. Start by visiting a local market, such as the weekly Marché du Midi, where you can sample fresh produce and local delicacies. Attend a performance at the Royal Theatre of La Monnaie, one of the most prestigious opera houses in Europe, to experience Belgium’s rich performing arts scene. Furthermore, exploring the neighborhood of Marolles offers a great immersion into Brussels’ everyday life with its flea market, antique shops, and cozy cafés. Participating in a Belgian beer tasting tour can also provide insight into the country’s renowned brewing tradition, giving visitors a taste of local flavors and hospitality.

What are the best neighborhoods to explore in Brussels?

Brussels is composed of diverse neighborhoods, each offering unique experiences. The Marolles district, with its bohemian vibe, is famous for the daily flea market at Place du Jeu de Balle and its charming antique shops. Ixelles is another must-visit area, known for its lively restaurants, boutiques, and bars that reflect its multicultural atmosphere. For those interested in architecture and luxury shopping, Avenue Louise provides a grand boulevard lined with high-end shops and stunning buildings. Lastly, Saint-Gilles is popular among art lovers for its art nouveau buildings and the Horta Museum, dedicated to the famous Belgian architect Victor Horta.

What traditional Belgian foods should I try in Brussels?

When visiting Brussels, sampling the traditional Belgian cuisine is a must. Top on the list is Belgian chocolate, known worldwide for its superior quality and rich flavor. Equally essential is trying the moules-frites, mussels served with fries, a national favorite often enjoyed with a local beer. Another dish not to miss is stoofvlees, a traditional Belgian beef stew made with beer. For those with a sweet tooth, speculoos, a type of spiced shortcrust biscuit, and tarte au riz, a creamy rice pudding pie, provide a delightful taste of Belgian confectionery tradition.

Where can I shop for unique gifts in Brussels?

Shopping for unique gifts in Brussels is an enjoyable endeavor with multiple options. For those interested in fashion and design, the Dansaert district is home to many local designers and boutiques offering one-of-a-kind garments and accessories. For traditional Belgian souvenirs, the Royal Galleries Saint-Hubert is a historic shopping arcade where one can find Belgian lace, chocolates, and artisanal products. Comic book enthusiasts should visit the Brussels Comic Book Route where various shops specialize in Belgian comic art, a most fitting memento from the country that has produced some of the world’s most beloved comic strips.

What is the best way to get around Brussels?

Navigating Brussels is relatively easy and can be efficiently done using its comprehensive public transportation network. The most convenient options include trams, buses, and the metro, operated by STIB/MIVB, which cover extensive areas of the city and suburbs. For those focusing on the city center, walking is often the best way to explore the intricate streets and hidden gems. Additionally, the city offers a bike-sharing program known as Villo!, which is ideal for short distances and provides a fun way to see the city from a different perspective. For longer distances or day trips, trains from Brussels Central Station can take you to other Belgian cities and neighboring countries quickly.

Can I visit any breweries in Brussels for an authentic beer tasting?

Yes, Brussels is an excellent place for brewery tours and authentic beer tastings. One of the must-visit breweries is the Cantillon Brewery, a family-run establishment founded in 1900, where you can learn about traditional lambic beers and sample some unique brews. Another notable stop is the Brussels Beer Project, which offers a modern take on brewing with innovative and contemporary beers inspired by global trends. Most breweries provide guided tours that detail the brewing process and history, followed by a tasting session of their different beers, making for a fulfilling experience for beer enthusiasts.

Brussels