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Plovdiv, Bulgaria’s second-largest city, is a stunning blend of history and culture. Known as one of Europe’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, its roots stretch back over 6,000 years. The city is a picturesque testament to various epochs, from ancient Thracian and Roman influences to Ottoman and Bulgarian architectural heritage. Tourists can explore the old town, Roman theatre, and Kapana arts district, each offering a unique glimpse into the city’s diverse past and vibrant present. UNESCO recognises Plovdiv for its cultural and historical significance, making it a compelling destination for history buffs and cultural enthusiasts alike.
Explore Plovdiv in the offseason to enjoy fewer crowds and a more authentic experience at landmarks like the ancient Roman theatre and the quaint streets of the Old Town.
Don’t miss the evening walk through the Kapana district, where local artists and craftsmen showcase their work amidst cafes and galleries, offering a true taste of Plovdiv’s creative spirit.
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| Country | Bulgaria |
| Time in Plovdiv | GMT+2 |
| Language spoken | Bulgarian |
| Population | 346,893 (Source: National Statistical Institute, Bulgaria, 2021) |
| Currency | Bulgarian Lev (BGN, лв) |
| Airports |
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Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria, is a spectacle of the ages. Nestled in the heart of the Thracian Valley, it has a history stretching over six millennia, making it among the oldest cities in Europe. This ancient heritage infuses every corner of the city, from the Roman Theater to the Ottoman mosques and charming Bulgarian Revival architecture. Historically known as Philippopolis in ancient times, it was a significant city of the Roman Empire. Its well-preserved amphitheater, ancient streets, and the beautiful Kapana arts district showcase a unique cultural blend. Plovdiv’s year as a European Capital of Culture in 2019 further highlighted its vibrant cultural scene, renowned for its festivals, galleries, and artists. Modern Plovdiv continues to grow as a center of economic and cultural activities. It bridges the traditions of the past with the energy of the present, positioning itself as a crucial link between Eastern and Western cultures. The city is also a pivotal educational hub, with several high-quality universities attracting international students who bring their own cultural contributions. As Plovdiv evolves, it remains a sanctuary of cultural diversity, history, and modernity, making every visit a deeply enriching experience. The old town, with its meandering lanes and picturesque houses perched on a hill, offers panoramic views of the surrounding plains and the Rodopi Mountains in the distance, providing a perfect blend of nature, history, and culture.
Where is Plovdiv?
Plovdiv is located in the southern part of Bulgaria, nestled in the Thracian Plain along the banks of the Maritsa River.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| Sofia to Plovdiv | 90 miles / 145 km | 1.5 hours |
| Varna to Plovdiv | 200 miles / 320 km | 4 hours |
What is Plovdiv famous for?
Plovdiv is celebrated for its rich history, preserved ancient architecture, and vibrant cultural scene, which was recognized when it was named a European Capital of Culture in 2019.
History
6000 BCE – Ancient Beginnings
Plovdiv, one of the oldest cities in Europe, has been continuously inhabited since its establishment. Originally settled by the Thracians as Eumolpias around 6000 BCE, it was an important settlement for its strategic location near the Maritsa River. The city’s advantageous position made it a focal point for trade and conquest.
342 BCE – Hellenistic Flourish
Conquered by Philip II of Macedon, the father of Alexander the Great, Plovdiv was renamed Philippopolis. It became a crucial urban center in the Thracian region, heavily influenced by Hellenistic culture and administrative practices.
1st Century CE – Roman Conquest and Prosperity
After falling under Roman control, Plovdiv (then called Trimontium) became the capital of the Roman province of Thrace. Significant architectural developments occurred during this period, including the construction of a forum, stadium, and aqueduct, turning it into one of the grandest cities of the Roman Empire in the Balkans.
4th-14th Century – Byzantine and Ottoman Rule
With the division of the Roman Empire, Plovdiv became part of the Byzantine Empire. It changed hands between the Byzantines and the Ottomans during the medieval period, each leaving a distinctive mark on the city’s cultural and architectural legacy, notably the construction of mosques and baths.
1878 – Liberation and Modern Era
Plovdiv played a significant role in the Bulgarian National Revival and was liberated from Ottoman rule in 1878. Since then, it has embraced industrialization and modernization but continues to preserve its rich historical heritage, which is evident in its well-maintained ancient theatres, Roman stadium, and traditional houses.
Visit Plovdiv
What to see and do in Plovdiv
Plovdiv is a treasure trove of history, culture, and scenic beauty, making it a must-visit destination in Bulgaria. Key attractions include:
- The Ancient Theatre of Philippopolis, a well-preserved Roman amphitheater still used for performances.
- The Old Town, characterized by its cobblestone streets and colorful 19th-century mansions that house museums, galleries, and shops.
- Kapana, a vibrant arts and crafts district known for its quaint shops and lively cafés.
- The Plovdiv Regional Ethnographic Museum, which offers insights into Bulgarian cultural traditions and crafts.
- Walking tours of the city’s seven hills, offering panoramic views and a chance to explore ancient fortifications.
Festivals and Events in Plovdiv
Plovdiv hosts a variety of cultural events and festivals throughout the year, including:
- The Plovdiv International Fair, held biannually, drawing business visitors from across Europe.
- The Night of Museums and Galleries in September, when cultural institutions open their doors for free.
- The Kapana Fest, celebrating the arts and crafts community with music, food, and art workshops.
Best time to visit Plovdiv
The best times to visit Plovdiv are spring (April to June) and fall (September to October), when the weather is mild and pleasant, ideal for sightseeing and attending outdoor events.
Is Plovdiv worth visiting?
Yes, Plovdiv is undoubtedly worth visiting. As Europe’s oldest continuously inhabited city, it offers an array of historical sites, a vibrant cultural scene, and beautiful landscapes. The blend of Roman ruins, Bulgarian Revival architecture, and lively arts districts such as Kapana makes Plovdiv a unique cultural gem. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, art lover, or simply in search of a picturesque and enriching travel destination, Plovdiv promises a memorable experience.