Kiruna: A Gateway to Arctic Wonders
| Country |
Sweden |
| Time in Kiruna |
GMT+2 |
| Language spoken |
Swedish |
| Population |
23,167 (as of 2023, source: Sweden Statistical Office) |
| Currency |
Swedish Krona (SEK, kr) |
| Airports |
- Kiruna Airport (6 mi / 9.7 km).
|
Kiruna, located above the Arctic Circle in northern Sweden, is enchanting for its distinct blend of science, nature, and culture. It stands as an essential destination for those captivated by the allure of the Arctic wilderness and the phenomena of the Northern Lights. The city is historically intertwined with mining, primarily the extraction of iron ore—a cornerstone that has driven both its economy and the challenges related to urban relocation due to mining expansions.
The strategic significance of Kiruna extends beyond mining. It is home to the Esrange Space Center, which fuels curiosity in astronomical sciences and space missions. The cultural vibrancy of Kiruna is palpable through its indigenous Sami community, whose traditions and rights are deeply respected and celebrated, particularly in the annual Jokkmokk Winter Market—a cultural extravaganza located not far from the city.
Besides the cultural and economic contributions, Kiruna’s pristine natural landscape offers endless outdoor activities regardless of the season. Summers are perfect for hiking through vast trails and witnessing wildlife, while winters provide the ground for skiing, snowboarding, and dog sledding, enchanted by the surreal dance of aurora borealis in the sky above.
Since the gradual relocation plan to a new site due to the geological instability caused by mining, Kiruna has seen innovative urban development. This includes the creation of sustainable and aesthetic architectures such as the new City Hall, which reflects the city’s vision for future living while respecting its historical and natural essence.
Where is Kiruna?
Kiruna is situated in Lapland, northern Sweden, characterized by its vast wilderness and proximity to the North Pole.
Distances:
| Route |
Distance by car |
Time by car |
| Stockholm to Kiruna |
762 miles (1226 km) |
12 hours 40 mins |
| Gothenburg to Kiruna |
992 miles (1596 km) |
15 hours 50 mins |
| Malmö to Kiruna |
1,070 miles (1722 km) |
17 hours 10 mins |
What is Kiruna famous for?
Kiruna is renowned for its striking Northern Lights, pristine Arctic landscapes, and the Icehotel in nearby Jukkasjärvi, adding a magical, frosty adventure to its chilly winter months.
History
Historical Foundations
Kiruna, located in the northernmost part of Sweden, has a rich history dating back to its early inhabitants, the Sami people. These indigenous people have inhabited the region for thousands of years, primarily engaging in reindeer herding, which remains a significant part of their culture to this day. The modern city of Kiruna was founded in 1900, driven by the discovery of one of the world’s largest iron ore deposits in the nearby Kirunavaara mountain. This discovery led to the development of the mining industry, which has shaped Kiruna’s economy and cultural identity.
20th Century and Town Relocation
Throughout the 20th century, Kiruna experienced significant growth due to the booming mining industry. However, the intensive mining caused subsidence issues, threatening the town’s stability. In a groundbreaking decision, it was decided in 2004 that much of Kiruna would need to be relocated to ensure its survival. This relocation process, which is still ongoing, involves moving key buildings and infrastructure to a new site approximately 3 km east of the original town. This monumental task has garnered international attention and is considered one of the most significant urban transformations of the 21st century.
Present Day
Today, Kiruna is not only known for its mining but also as a hub for space research, with the Esrange Space Center located nearby. The city has also embraced tourism, with visitors attracted to its unique landscapes, Northern Lights, and opportunities for Arctic adventures. The ongoing urban transformation has become an integral part of Kiruna’s narrative, highlighting the community’s resilience and adaptability.
Visit Kiruna
What to see and do in Kiruna
Kiruna offers a blend of cultural, historical, and natural attractions that are unique to this Arctic region. Visitors can explore the Kiruna Church, renowned for its wooden architecture and historical significance.
The city’s proximity to the Lapland wilderness allows for activities such as dog sledding, snowmobiling, and ice fishing in winter, while summer offers excellent hiking in Abisko National Park and midnight sun experiences. The Kiruna Mine, one of the largest and most modern iron ore mines, offers guided tours that elucidate its impact on the region and its engineering wonders.
- Kiruna Church
- Lapland wilderness adventures
- Abisko National Park
- Midnight sun and Northern Lights experiences
- Kiruna Mine tours
Events in Kiruna
Kiruna is home to several recurring events that celebrate both the Sami culture and the unique Arctic environment. The Kiruna Snow Festival, usually held in January, features snow sculpting, reindeer races, and cultural displays. Additionally, the Sami Week in early March highlights Sami music, traditional handicrafts, and reindeer herding practices.
Best time to visit Kiruna
The optimal time to visit Kiruna depends on what you wish to experience. Winter (November to February) is ideal for snow sports and the Northern Lights. Summer (June to August) offers the midnight sun, hiking, and warmer weather activities.
Is Kiruna worth visiting?
Kiruna is undoubtedly worth visiting for those intrigued by unique cultural experiences and natural wonders. The town’s ongoing transformation due to the mining industry’s impact offers a rare glimpse into a modern engineering feat, while its surrounding landscape provides year-round outdoor activities.
Whether it’s watching the Northern Lights dance across the sky in winter or enjoying 24-hour daylight in summer, Kiruna presents a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
What are the best activities to do in Kiruna during winter?
Kiruna, located in the far north of Sweden, provides a unique winter experience with activities that cater to adventure enthusiasts and nature lovers alike. One of the most popular activities is experiencing the Northern Lights; ideal viewing runs between September and March. Dog sledding through the snowy landscape offers a thrilling way to explore the vast wilderness and connect with traditional Lappish culture. Snowmobiling expeditions are another exciting pursuit, ranging from short tours to multi-day adventures across the Lapland terrain. For those interested in ice fishing, frozen lakes around Kiruna provide a serene setting to try this calming activity. Moreover, visitors can go on ice climbing adventures on the frozen waterfalls and ice formations around the area. For a more relaxing time, many choose to visit the Icehotel, located in the nearby village of Jukkasjärvi, where you can tour the intricately carved rooms or even stay overnight. Ski enthusiasts will appreciate the nearby slopes suitable for both beginners and advanced skiers, with slopes often less crowded than more southerly European resorts. Lastly, simply embracing the local Sami culture, including reindeer sleigh rides and visits to Sami camps, adds a rich cultural dimension to any visit to Kiruna during winter.
Where can I see the Northern Lights in Kiruna?
One of the prime locations in Kiruna to witness the mesmerizing Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, is the Aurora Sky Station in Abisko National Park, which is about an hour’s drive from Kiruna. This location offers minimal light pollution and a higher chance of clear skies, making it one of the top facilities in the world for Northern Lights sightings. You can also join guided night tours that take you into more remote areas outside of Kiruna, optimizing the chances of a sighting. Alternatively, just stepping outside Kiruna into less urbanized areas where artificial lights are scarce can provide a suitable backdrop for seeing the Northern Lights. The period from September to March, especially the darkest winter months from December to February, is the best time to plan a visit for a higher likelihood of witnessing this natural phenomenon. Local hotels and tour operators also offer specific Northern Lights packages, including accommodations with ideal viewing conditions like glass igloos or cabins positioned specifically for observing the sky.
What are some unique cultural experiences in Kiruna?
Kiruna offers a blend of unique cultural experiences that reflect its indigenous Sami roots and the influence of Swedish and Arctic environments. A visit to a Sami camp allows tourists to engage directly with the local indigenous people, learning about their traditional ways of life, including reindeer herding. Tourists can also partake in traditional Sami activities such as crafting using natural materials, traditional cooking or even participate in a traditional Sami Joik (chant). The Jukkasjärvi Icehotel not only offers lodging but also hosts art exhibitions, showcasing works completely crafted from ice and snow by artists from around the world. This provides a fascinating insight into temporary art and architecture. Local festivals, such as the Kiruna Snow Festival held in January, are also rich with cultural activities, including indigenous Sami music performances, traditional handicrafts, and local food tasting. The Kiruna Church, one of Sweden’s largest wooden buildings, also holds cultural significance and provides insights into the local religious practices and community gatherings in this Arctic region.
What nature spots are a must-visit in Kiruna?
Kiruna’s pristine Arctic environment offers numerous nature spots that are worth visiting. The Abisko National Park, known for its stunning natural beauty and trails suitable for both hiking and cross-country skiing, is a top choice among nature enthusiasts. The park is also home to the famous Lapporten, a U-shaped valley easily recognizable and often photographed for its distinct appearance. Another significant nature spot is the Kebnekaise, Sweden’s highest mountain, which attracts hikers and mountaineers looking to ascend its peaks during the summer months. For those interested in wildlife and birdwatching, the Vadvetjåkka National Park offers remote wilderness and a chance to see Arctic flora and fauna in their natural habitat. For panoramic views of Kiruna and its surroundings, Luossavaara and Mount Nuolja offer accessible viewpoints, with trails leading up to the top where visitors can enjoy breathtaking vistas. Both spots are great for a day trip and provide ample opportunities for photography.
Are there any traditional foods to try while in Kiruna?
When visiting Kiruna, sampling traditional Lappish cuisine is an essential experience, deeply intertwined with the region’s cultural heritage. Reindeer meat is a staple and can be enjoyed in various forms, whether it’s smoked, cured, or served as a hearty stew known as “Sautéed Reindeer,” often accompanied by lingonberries and mashed potatoes. For fish lovers, Arctic char and smoked salmon from the nearby rivers and lakes are local delicacies, traditionally served with simple yet delicious sides. Cloudberries, a rare berry found in the marshlands of northern Sweden, are used in desserts, jams, or simply eaten fresh with cream. Visitors should also try the flatbread known as ‘Gáhkko’, and ‘Leipäjuusto’— a squeaky cheese that’s typically warmed and topped with cloudberry jam. For a truly local beverage, sample a cup of hot lingonberry juice, which is popular during the cold months.
What kid-friendly activities are available in Kiruna?
Kiruna is a delight for families with children, offering several activities that cater to young adventurers. In winter, the Husky dog sled tours provide a fun and exciting way for kids to enjoy the snowy landscapes. Ice skating and skiing lessons are available, with gear adapted for children of all ages. During warmer months, families can explore the various trails at Abisko National Park, which are manageable for children and provide plenty of opportunities for wildlife spotting and picnicking. The same goes for the trails around Luossavaara, which offer easier hikes with rewarding views. Additionally, the Kiruna Kyrka often has children-oriented programs and events, especially around Swedish holidays, providing a cultural insight in a family-friendly environment. Indoor options include the LKAB visitor center which offers an educational yet entertaining view into the world of iron ore mining with interactive exhibits and guided tours suitable for children.
How can one reach Kiruna from Stockholm?
Reaching Kiruna from Stockholm is quite convenient due to several transportation options available. The most common and fastest method is flying; several daily direct flights connect Stockholm Arlanda Airport to Kiruna Airport, with a flight time of about 1.5 hours. Alternatively, for those interested in scenic routes, an overnight train from Stockholm Central Station to Kiruna is a viable option. The journey offers spectacular views of the Swedish countryside and takes around 15 to 17 hours, providing both sleeper and seating options. For those who prefer to drive, renting a car and driving from Stockholm to Kiruna is another possibility, although it includes a journey of about 12-14 hours, covering approximately 1,200 kilometers through varied landscapes, which can be particularly inviting during summer months.
Where can tourists find local handicrafts in Kiruna?
Local handicrafts in Kiruna can be found at several venues where visitors can purchase unique and authentic items. The Sami handicrafts, known as ‘Duodji’, are particularly popular and include items made from reindeer hide, wood, and antlers. These can be found at the Jukkasjärvi Handicraft shop located in the village near the Icehotel. Additionally, the local market in the town center, Torget, often hosts vendors selling a variety of local crafts, especially during festival times or summer months. Tourists should also explore arts and crafts centers, such as the Nutti Sámi Siida and Sámi Duodji, which focus on promoting and selling traditional Sami crafts. These centers not only provide a chance to purchase these beautiful creations but also offer insights into the artisans’ techniques, often involving methods passed down through generations.
