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Split, the second-largest city of Croatia, offers a remarkable blend of ancient history and vibrant modern life. Nestled on the Dalmatian coast, its heart is the Diocletian’s Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage site, around which the city sprawls with a myriad of shops, cafes, and bars. Split is not only a historical gem but also a gateway to the splendid islands dotting the Adriatic Sea, making it a perfect blend of antiquity and contemporaneity.
When in Split, always carry a map of the local area. The historic center is compact, but its labyrinthine streets can be confusing, enhancing the exploratory experience but potentially challenging to navigate.
Schedule your visit to Split during late spring or early fall to enjoy mild weather and fewer crowds, optimizing your experience of the city’s outdoor cafes and waterfront promenades.
How to best experience Split?
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Split: The Mediterranean Gem
| Country | Croatia |
| Time in Split | GMT+1 |
| Language spoken | Croatian |
| Population | 178,102 (Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics, 2021) |
| Currency | Croatian Kuna (HRK) |
| Airports | Split Airport (12 mi / 19 km). |
Split, the second-largest city of Croatia and the largest city of the region of Dalmatia, teems with beautiful scenery, historical treasures, and vibrant culture. Located along the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, it’s a city where the old merges seamlessly with the new. Originally centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian, an impressive UNESCO World Heritage site that lies at its core, Split’s urban landscape now spreads over a large area, encompassing modern residential suburbs, beautiful beaches like Bačvice, and green wooded hills, making it an attractive place for both tourists and residents.
Historically, Split has been under Roman, Venetian, Austrian, French, Italian, and Yugoslav control, which has left an indelible mark on the city’s architecture and culture. The city’s eclectic architectural landscape is bustling with people and is lined with cafés and shops, where both traditional Dalmatian food and modern cuisines can be savored, enjoyed in the mild Mediterranean climate that prevails most of the year.
The liveliness of Split can hardly be overstated. It is a hub for maritime transport, being one of the Adriatic Sea’s main ferry ports. The city’s vibrant port is filled with tourists embarking on small boats bound for the nearby islands of Brač, Hvar, and Korčula, some of the most scenic islands in Europe. New developments continue to dot the coastline, catering to a growing tourist industry, while preserving its rich history and heritage.
In conclusion, Split is not just a historical artifact, but a lively, bustling contemporary city with magnificent beaches, superior shopping, and dynamic cultural events. With its glorious history, stunning architecture, and mesmerizing beaches, Split offers a unique blend of tradition and modernity, making it a compelling destination for travelers and culture enthusiasts alike.
Where is Split?
Located in Southern Croatia along the Dalmatian Coast, Split is nestled against the azure backdrop of the Adriatic Sea.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| Zagreb to Split | 255 miles (410 km) | Approx. 4 hours |
| Dubrovnik to Split | 141 miles (227 km) | Approx. 3 hours 15 minutes |
What is Split famous for?
Split is renowned for its rich history, breathtaking architecture, and the Diocletian’s Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is remarkably well-preserved and still teeming with life.
History
Prehistoric to Roman Era
The area around Split, a city now known for its picturesque Adriatic charm, has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The first significant settlement was the Greek colony of Aspalathos, established in the 3rd or 4th century BC. It flourished due to its strategic position and the fertile land surrounding it. However, the true cornerstone of Split’s history was laid with the Roman Emperor Diocletian’s decision to build his retirement palace here in AD 305. This massive structure fundamentally shaped the old town and is considered one of the world’s most impressive Roman ruins.
Early Middle Ages to Venetian Rule
In the centuries following the Roman Empire’s collapse, Split experienced a flux of control and influence, leading to its evolution into a Byzantine city. By the 7th century, it became a significant Croatian center. The city saw considerable autonomy after the Croatian kings’ settlement, but by the 12th century, it fell under Venetian rule. This period was marked by economic growth and architectural development, including several Romanesque churches from the 12th and 13th centuries which still stand today.
Ottoman to Habsburg Rule
The medieval period brought various threats, including attacks from the Ottoman Empire, which influenced the region profoundly in 1420. Despite these challenges, Split remained under Venetian control until the fall of the Venetian Republic at the end of the 18th century, after which it became part of the Habsburg Monarchy. This era was essential for the modernization of Split, with significant investments in infrastructure and urban development that paved the way for the contemporary city.
20th Century to Present
The 20th century was a dynamic period for Split with its incorporation into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia following World War I, enduring Italian and German occupations during World War II, and its subsequent integration into Socialist Yugoslavia. The city developed its industrial base and infrastructure, becoming a vital maritime and shipbuilding center. Since Croatia gained independence in the 1990s following the Yugoslav wars, Split has transformed into a thriving tourist hub, known for its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant cultural scene, continuing to enchant visitors and historians alike.
Visit Split
Attractions and Activities in Split
Split, Croatia, offers a blend of historical sites, cultural activities, and stunning seaside views. Essential visits include the Diocletian’s Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage site that not only showcases the architectural brilliance of Roman engineering but also houses shops, cafes, and residences within its ancient walls. The Cathedral of Saint Domnius, built as a mausoleum for Emperor Diocletian, stands as a testament to the city’s rich history. For those looking to soak up the sun, the beaches of Bačvice offer crystal-clear waters and lively atmosphere.
- Explore the historic Riva Harbor
- Visit the Mestrovic Gallery, showcasing works of the renowned Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović
- Stroll through Marjan Forest Park, a perfect spot for nature lovers
Festivals and Events in Split
Split is vibrant with events year-round, enhancing its appeal as a tourist destination. Key events include the Split Summer Festival, a celebration of music and theatre which lights up the city from July to August. The Split Film Festival, held in September, introduces a range of international and independent films. For sports enthusiasts, the Sailing Week in May offers exciting races and stunning views of the Adriatic coast.
Best time to visit Split
The optimal time to visit Split is during the late spring (May and June) or early autumn (September and October). During these periods, the weather is warm yet comfortable, and the city is less crowded than in the peak tourist months of July and August. This timing allows visitors to thoroughly enjoy both the cultural landmarks and the natural beauty without the summer crowds.
Is Split worth visiting?
Split is undoubtedly worth visiting for its unique combination of rich history, captivating architecture, and stunning natural scenery. The city offers something for everyone, from ancient Roman palaces and medieval architecture to vibrant cultural festivals and picturesque beaches. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, culture seeker, or simply in need of a relaxing beach holiday, Split promises a memorable experience, making it a must-visit destination on any travel itinerary.