Kandahar, Afghanistan

Kandahar, Afghanistan’s second-largest city, is steeped in history and culture, serving as a pivotal trade center and military site since ancient times. Often recognized as the birthplace of modern Afghanistan, it boasts a rich assortment of historic architectures, vibrant bazaars, and a deep-rooted connection to the country’s storied past. Visitors can explore relics from the Alexander the Great era, the monumental Red Mosque, and the ancient walls that tell tales of a bygone era of empires and silk roads.

Check the local security advisories before planning your trip to Kandahar to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.

Engage with a knowledgeable local guide to fully appreciate the historical significance and stories behind Kandahar’s landmarks and hidden gems.

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Kandahar: A Gateway to Afghanistan’s Rich Heritage

Country	Afghanistan
Time in Kandahar	GMT+4:30
Language spoken	Pashto
Population	614,118 (World Population Review)
Currency	Afghan Afghani (؋, AFN)
Airports	Kandahar International Airport (10 mi / 16 km)

Kandahar, the second-largest city in Afghanistan, is steeped in history and has been a significant cultural and religious center for centuries. Located in the southern region of the country, Kandahar has served as a major crossroads throughout history, linking trade routes between the Middle East and Central Asia. Its strategic importance has rendered it a pivotal location in various historical events, especially during the times of Alexander the Great and later during the rise of the Islamic empires.

Where is Kandahar?

Kandahar sits at the junction of the Southern and Central Asian regions, making it strategically significant over the centuries.

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
Kabul to Kandahar	305 miles (491 km)	Approx. 6 hours
Herat to Kandahar	383 miles (616 km)	Approx. 8 hours

What is Kandahar famous for?

Kandahar is known for its historical architecture and cultural significance. It was the capital of the Afghan Empire and is rich in historical sites, including the Kandahar Mosque and the Mausoleum of Ahmad Shah Durrani.

History

[Ancient Times – 4th to 7th Centuries]

Kandahar, one of Afghanistan’s most ancient cities, has a robust historical narrative that spans several millennia. Its strategic location in the region of old Arachosia places it along the trade routes of the ancient Silk Road, contributing significantly to its early growth and prosperity. Archaeological findings suggest that the area was inhabited by various Indo-Iranian tribes before falling under the influence of the Achaemenid Empire around the 6th century BCE, marking its first significant period of urban development.

[Islamic Era – 7th Century Onwards]

The Islamic conquests reached Kandahar in the 7th century, introducing significant cultural and religious shifts to the region. It was during this period that Kandahar began to flourish as a center of Islamic learning and arts. The city frequently changed hands between various ruling dynasties including the Ghaznavids, Ghorids, and eventually the Timurids, each contributing to the city’s rich architectural and cultural heritage.

[Modern Era – 18th Century to Present]

Modern Kandahar was shaped significantly during the reign of Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of the Afghan Empire in the mid-18th century, who made it his capital. This era marked another peak in Kandahar’s development, establishing it as a pivotal political and cultural center in Afghanistan. In the contemporary period, Kandahar has witnessed various phases of modernization though it has also faced challenges, including considerable conflict due to its strategic importance. Today, Kandahar remains a testament to Afghanistan’s complex history and resilience.

Visit Kandahar

What to see and do in Kandahar

Kandahar is a city rich in history and culture, offering various attractions to its visitors. Key sites include the Red Mosque, an impressive architectural feat with intricate Islamic calligraphy, and the Kandahar Museum which houses artifacts spanning several centuries that showcase the city’s vibrant history. Nature enthusiasts may visit the Arghandab Valley, known for its lush landscapes and the Kandahar Flower, a unique species native to the area.

Explore the ancient Citadel of Kandahar
Visit the mausoleum of Ahmad Shah Durrani
Shop at the bustling Shor Bazaar for traditional crafts

Annual Cultural Events in Kandahar

Kandahar hosts a variety of cultural events throughout the year that celebrate its rich heritage and vibrant local culture. The most notable is the New Year (Nowruz) celebration which takes place in March and features traditional music, dance, and a display of local crafts and cuisine. The city also observes major Islamic events with great reverence, attracting visitors from across the region.

Best time to visit Kandahar

The ideal time to visit Kandahar is during the cooler months from October to April. During this period, the weather is mild, making it more comfortable to explore the city’s extensive historical sites and participate in outdoor activities without the harsh summer heat.

Is Kandahar worth visiting?

Kandahar is undoubtedly worth visiting for those intrigued by rich cultural history and vibrant traditions. As a historical crossroads of various empires, the city offers a unique tapestry of cultural and architectural heritage that provides deep insights into the broader history of the region. Furthermore, its resilient spirit and warm local hospitality make it an enriching experience for all visitors.

What are the main tourist attractions in Kandahar?

Kandahar, rich in historical significance, offers various attractions for visitors. Notable sites include the Shrine of the Cloak, which houses a garment believed to have been worn by Prophet Muhammad, making it a significant spiritual site. The ancient city of Old Kandahar provides a glimpse into the area’s historical landscape with its old walls and structures. Additionally, the mausoleum of Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan, is another significant landmark. Nature enthusiasts can explore Arghandab Valley, known for its lush orchards and the scenic beauty of the Arghandab River.

How can tourists respect local customs and traditions while visiting Kandahar?

Respecting local customs and traditions in Kandahar involves understanding and adhering to local norms which are deeply rooted in Afghan culture and Islamic practices. Dress modestly, covering arms and legs, and avoid tight clothing. When visiting religious sites, women may need to wear a headscarf. Always ask permission before photographing people, especially women and religious sites. Learn a few basic phrases in Pashto, the local language, as this gesture is appreciated by locals. Furthermore, show respect during prayer times and avoid eating or drinking in public during the fasting month of Ramadan.

What traditional dishes should tourists try in Kandahar?

Kandahar’s cuisine offers a delightful range of traditional Afghan dishes that visitors should try. The region is famous for its pomegranates, so any dish featuring this fruit is a must. Kandahari Lamb, a dish made with tender lamb cooked in spices and pomegranate juice, is a local delicacy. Qabuli Palao, a fragrant rice dish cooked with raisins, carrots, and lamb, represents the national dish and is widely enjoyed. For a sweet treat, visitors can try Jalebi, a deep-fried dough soaked in syrup, commonly available in local markets.

What types of accommodations are available in Kandahar for tourists?

Accommodation options in Kandahar range from basic guesthouses to more comfortable hotels. While the city does not have luxury international hotel chains, several locally managed hotels offer adequate facilities. These accommodations generally provide essential services such as internet access, air conditioning, and sometimes, a restaurant. For a more immersive experience, some visitors choose to stay in traditional guesthouses known as Hujras, particularly in the rural areas around Kandahar, which allow guests a deeper insight into the local way of life.

What is the best time of year to visit Kandahar?

The best time to visit Kandahar is during the cooler months from October to April. During this period, the weather is mild and conducive to exploring outdoor attractions and engaging in local tours. Temperatures in the summer months can be extremely high, often reaching uncomfortable levels, which makes outdoor activities and extensive touring challenging. Additionally, visiting during these cooler months allows tourists to participate in local events and festivities that take place during this season, offering a richer cultural experience.

Are there any local markets in Kandahar where tourists can shop?

Yes, Kandahar is home to several local markets offering a variety of traditional Afghan products. The most popular among these is the Shah Bazaar, where tourists can find a range of items from traditional Afghan rugs and handmade jewelry to local spices and dried fruits. Another notable market is the Herat Bazaar, renowned for its textiles and handicrafts. These markets not only provide unique shopping experiences but also the opportunity to observe local life and practice bargaining skills, which is a common practice in these markets.

What are some safety tips for tourists traveling to Kandahar?

Safety is a crucial consideration when traveling to Kandahar. Tourists should always stay updated with travel advisories from their home countries and consult with local guides regarding safe areas for travel. It’s advisable to travel in groups and with a local guide who knows the area well. Avoid public demonstrations and large gatherings which can turn unpredictable. Keep personal belongings secure and be cautious when disclosing travel plans or personal information. Always have a copy of your passport and relevant travel documents handy and register with your embassy upon arrival in Afghanistan.

Can tourists hire local guides in Kandahar, and what are the benefits?

Hiring local guides in Kandahar is highly recommended for tourists. Local guides are not only knowledgeable about the history and culture of the region, but they also understand the local language and customs, which can enhance the visiting experience significantly. They can facilitate access to attractions that might otherwise be difficult to visit due to language barriers or security concerns. Additionally, local guides can provide insights into the local way of life and help in interacting with the local community, thus enriching the overall travel experience in Kandahar.