Greenland: a mjestic arctic paradise
| Capital |
Nuuk |
| Time in Greenland |
GMT -3 to -1 (Depending on the region, as Greenland spans multiple time zones) |
| Language spoken |
Greenlandic (Kalaallisut) |
| Population |
56,081 (Source: Statistics Greenland, 2021) |
| Religion |
Protestantism (Lutheran) (95%)
Other Christian denominations (3%)
Other/None (2%) |
| Currency |
Danish krone (kr, DKK) |
| Airports |
Nuuk Airport
Ilulissat Airport
Kangerlussuaq Airport
Narsarsuaq Airport |
Greenland, the world’s largest island, stands as an emblem of pristine beauty and untouched wilderness in the Northern Hemisphere. This Arctic gem, predominantly covered in ice, boasts an intricate history intertwining Norse settlers, Inuit cultures, and Danish governance. The island’s name, ironically suggesting lush green terrains, was given by Erik the Red in hopes of attracting European settlers. Despite its glacial landscapes, Greenland has been a cradle of unique cultures for thousands of years. The Inuit, its predominant residents, have ingeniously adapted to its rigorous environment, mastering the art of life amidst ice. Historically, Greenland has been a melting pot of Norse explorers, whale hunters, and native Inuit communities, each contributing layers to its rich cultural tapestry. The sagas of its past are intertwined with legends of the Northern Lights, the midnight sun, and tales of valiant Viking explorers. In more recent times, the island has gained global attention for its rapidly melting ice caps, a poignant testament to the ravages of climate change. Yet, Greenland’s heart beats strong, continuing to enchant with its dramatic landscapes, indigenous art, and tales of survival and resilience.
Where is Greenland located?
Greenland is located in the far northeastern corner of North America. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Greenland Sea to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It shares its southern border with Canada.
What is Greenland famous for?
Greenland is famous for its stunning natural beauty and unique Arctic experiences. It is renowned for its massive ice sheet, which covers about 80% of the country and is one of the largest ice bodies in the world. The Northern Lights, dog sledding, and wildlife such as polar bears and whales are also major attractions for visitors.
History
Prehistoric Settlement: c. 2500 BC – 980 AD
The earliest signs of human settlement in Greenland can be traced back to around 2500 BC when the Saqqaq culture emerged. They were followed by the Dorset culture around 500 BC, which had closer ties to the Arctic cultures of Canada. The Late Dorset culture inhabited Greenland until approximately the 8th century AD.
Norse Colonization: 980 AD – 1400s AD
The first recorded European to sight Greenland was Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, but it was the legendary Norse explorer Erik the Red who is credited with founding the first Norse settlements on the island around 980 AD. Drawn by the promise of vast lands, Erik named it “Greenland” in an effort to encourage settlers. The Norse established the Eastern and Western Settlements, which thrived for centuries. However, by the late 15th century, these settlements mysteriously disappeared, possibly due to changing climates, conflicts with the Inuit, or economic factors.
Inuit Dominance: 1200 AD – Present
The Thule culture, ancestors of the present-day Inuit, migrated from present-day Canada to Greenland around 1200 AD. They introduced new tools, hunting techniques, and a remarkably efficient mode of transportation – the kayak. Over the next few centuries, they expanded across Greenland and settled in various regions, becoming the dominant culture by the time of the Norse decline.
Recolonization and Colonial Era: 1721 AD – 1953 AD
Interest in Greenland was rekindled in the 18th century. The Norwegian missionary Hans Egede founded a colony in 1721 with the aim of converting the Inuit to Christianity. Over the next two centuries, Greenland became an area of strategic and economic interest for several European powers. In 1814, Greenland officially became a Danish colony, following the Treaty of Kiel. The Danes sought to modernize Greenland, bringing in European technologies, educational systems, and Christian values. However, this also led to a period where Greenlandic culture and traditions faced significant suppression.
Modern Greenland: 1953 AD – Present
In 1953, Greenland’s status changed from a colony to an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark, granting Greenland representation in the Danish Parliament. This move began a process of increased autonomy. In 1979, Greenland was granted home rule, giving it control over most internal affairs. In 2008, Greenlanders voted in favor of even greater autonomy, leading to the Self-Government Act of 2009. Today, Greenland has jurisdiction over most areas except foreign affairs, defense, and monetary policy. While it remains part of the Kingdom of Denmark, there’s an increasing push towards full independence, especially in light of potential economic opportunities from natural resources and changing Arctic conditions.
Visit Greenland
What to see and do in Greenland
When visiting Greenland, there are several attractions and activities that you should consider:
- Explore the stunning natural landscapes, including glaciers, fjords, and icebergs.
- Visit the colorful capital city, Nuuk, and learn about Greenlandic culture and history at the National Museum.
- Experience traditional Inuit culture by visiting small settlements and engaging with local communities.
- Take a boat tour to witness the majestic whales that migrate through Greenland’s waters.
- Embark on a hiking or skiing adventure in the pristine wilderness of Greenland’s national parks.
Short title about events in Greenland
Greenland hosts several events throughout the year, showcasing its unique culture, traditions, and natural wonders:
– The National Day of Greenland (June 21st) celebrates the country’s independence and features cultural performances, traditional food, and sporting events.
– The Arctic Sounds Festival (August) brings together local and international musicians for a series of concerts and performances.
– The Northern Lights Festival (September – April) offers the opportunity to witness the mesmerizing display of the Aurora Borealis in Greenland’s dark winter sky.
Best time to visit Greenland
The best time to visit Greenland is during the summer months from June to August. During this period, the weather is milder, and the days are long, allowing for more outdoor activities and exploration. The summer also coincides with the peak whale-watching season, when humpback and minke whales populate Greenland’s coastal waters.
Is Greenland worth visiting?
Greenland is definitely worth visiting for those seeking unique and untouched natural landscapes, rich cultural experiences, and an opportunity to explore the Arctic. The vast ice-covered expanses, dramatic fjords, and vibrant indigenous culture make Greenland a truly extraordinary destination. However, it is important to note that Greenland’s remote location, limited infrastructure, and harsh environmental conditions may not appeal to all travelers. If you are looking for a destination off the beaten path and are willing to embrace its challenges, Greenland can offer a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
Common questions
What are the main attractions in Greenland?
Greenland offers a breathtaking arctic landscape that is dotted with incredible attractions. Some of the main attractions include: 1. Ilulissat Icefjord: This UNESCO World Heritage Site is famous for its massive icebergs and stunning iceberg-dotted fjords. 2. Nuuk: As the capital city of Greenland, Nuuk offers a glimpse into Greenlandic culture, history, and modern life. 3. Disko Island: Known for its stunning natural beauty, Disko Island is home to beautiful landscapes, unique wildlife, and vibrant coastal settlements. 4. West Greenland: This region is renowned for its picturesque coastal towns, colorful houses, and opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, kayaking, and whale watching. 5. East Greenland: Explore pristine wilderness, breathtaking fjords, and remote settlements in this less-visited region of Greenland. 6. Qaqortoq: Qaqortoq is a charming town known for its stunning scenery, colorful houses, and fascinating art installations. 7. Kangerlussuaq: Located near the Arctic Circle, Kangerlussuaq offers opportunities for hiking, wildlife spotting, and experiencing the Northern Lights. 8. Greenland National Park: Covering an area of over 900,000 square kilometers, this national park is the world’s largest, offering untouched wilderness and diverse wildlife. 9. Uunartoq Hot Springs: Relax in natural hot springs amidst stunning Arctic scenery on Uunartoq Island. 10. Greenlandic Sled Dog Experience: Experience an unforgettable dog sledding adventure and learn about the traditional Greenlandic way of life. 11. Qaqortoq Skjoldunge Monument: This monument symbolizes the Norse mythology and history of the area and offers beautiful views of the surrounding landscape. 12. Sisimiut: Explore Greenland’s second-largest town, known for its vibrant cultural scene, colorful houses, and opportunities for outdoor activities.
Where is Greenland located?
Greenland is an autonomous territory of Denmark located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is geographically part of North America but politically and culturally associated with Europe. It is situated between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and northwest of Iceland. Greenland is the world’s largest island, covering an area of over 2.1 million square kilometers.
What is the weather like in Greenland?
Greenland experiences a polar climate characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The weather can vary across different regions of Greenland. In general, winters are extremely cold, with temperatures often dropping below freezing and reaching as low as -50°C (-58°F) in some areas. Summers are relatively mild, with temperatures ranging from 5°C (41°F) to 10°C (50°F) on average. It’s important to note that the weather can be unpredictable, and conditions can change rapidly, so it’s recommended to dress in layers and be prepared for changing weather conditions when visiting Greenland.
What is the best time to visit Greenland?
The best time to visit Greenland depends on your interests and the activities you wish to pursue. Here are some recommendations: 1. Summer (June to August): This is the peak tourist season in Greenland. The weather is relatively mild, and many activities, such as hiking, wildlife spotting, and boat excursions, are accessible. 2. Winter (December to February): If you’re interested in experiencing the magic of the Northern Lights, winter is the ideal time to visit. It’s also a great time for dog sledding, snowmobiling, and other winter sports. 3. Shoulder seasons (May and September): These months offer milder weather, fewer tourists, and a beautiful transition between seasons. It’s a great time for hiking, wildlife watching, and exploring the local culture. Keep in mind that the weather can be unpredictable, and conditions can vary. It’s always a good idea to check the specific activities and attractions you’re interested in and plan accordingly.
What is the local cuisine in Greenland like?
Greenlandic cuisine is influenced by traditional Inuit food culture and ingredients found in the Arctic region. Some popular dishes and ingredients in Greenland include: 1. Kalaallit-style Seafood: Greenland is known for its fresh seafood, including fish, shrimp, and shellfish. Traditional dishes include fish soup, smoked salmon, dried fish, and shrimp salad. 2. Mattak: A traditional Inuit delicacy, mattak consists of raw whale skin and blubber. This dish is typically enjoyed at special occasions and celebrations. 3. Suaasat: This traditional Greenlandic soup is made with seal, whale, or reindeer meat, along with potatoes, onions, and sometimes rice or barley. It is often seasoned with local herbs and spices. 4. Crowberries and Arctic Herbs: Greenland is home to a variety of berries, including crowberries, cloudberries, and blueberries. Arctic herbs such as angelica are also used in traditional Greenlandic cuisine. 5. Greenlandic Coffee: This traditional beverage includes coffee, schnapps, Kahlúa or Tia Maria liqueur, and whipped cream. It is a warming drink often enjoyed after a meal or during social gatherings. 6. Greenlandic Ice Cream: Made from locally sourced ingredients, Greenlandic ice cream is known for its unique flavors, such as crowberry, cloudberry, and Arctic herbs. When visiting Greenland, be sure to try some of these traditional dishes to experience the local cuisine and culture.
What activities can you do in Greenland?
Greenland offers a wide range of activities for visitors to enjoy. Here are some popular activities you can do in Greenland: 1. Dog Sledding: Experience the thrill of dog sledding across the snowy landscapes, guided by experienced mushers and their teams of Greenlandic sled dogs. 2. Hiking and Trekking: Explore Greenland’s stunning wilderness by embarking on guided hikes or multi-day trekking adventures. Discover breathtaking fjords, mountains, and remote settlements. 3. Wildlife Watching: Greenland is home to diverse wildlife, including whales, seals, polar bears, reindeer, and various bird species. Take a boat tour or join a guided excursion to spot these incredible animals. 4. Boat Tours and Cruises: Sail along Greenland’s rugged coastline, witnessing towering icebergs, serene fjords, and dramatic landscapes. Boat tours and cruises offer a unique perspective of the region. 5. Northern Lights Viewing: Visit during the winter months to witness the spectacular natural phenomenon of the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) dancing across the Greenlandic sky. 6. Cultural Immersion: Immerse yourself in Greenlandic culture by visiting local museums, art galleries, and cultural events. Learn about the history, traditions, and daily life of the Greenlandic people. 7. Hot Springs: Relax and rejuvenate in natural hot springs, such as those found on Uunartoq Island. Enjoy the breathtaking Arctic scenery while soaking in warm waters. 8. Kayaking: Explore Greenland’s pristine coastal waters by kayaking. Paddle through icy fjords, spot wildlife, and immerse yourself in the tranquility of the Arctic wilderness. These are just a few examples of the many activities available in Greenland. Whether you’re seeking adventure, wildlife experiences, cultural immersion, or natural beauty, Greenland offers something for everyone.
How do you get to Greenland?
Getting to Greenland typically involves taking a flight, as it is an island located far from mainland Europe and North America. The two main airports in Greenland are Kangerlussuaq Airport (SFJ) and Nuuk Airport (GOH). International flights to Greenland are limited, and most visitors connect to Greenland through flights from Copenhagen, Denmark. Air Greenland is the main airline serving Greenland and operates flights to various destinations within Greenland. It is important to plan your trip well in advance and check the flight schedules and availability. Additionally, it’s recommended to check visa requirements and any necessary travel restrictions before booking your trip to Greenland.
What is the traditional clothing in Greenland?
Traditional clothing in Greenland reflects the culture and adaptability of the Greenlandic people in the Arctic region. Some traditional garments include: 1. Anorak: An anorak is a traditional hooded jacket made from animal skins, such as sealskin or reindeer hide. It provides warmth and protection from the elements. 2. Kamik: Kamiks are traditional Greenlandic boots made from sealskin or reindeer hide. They are designed to keep the feet warm and dry in the cold Arctic conditions. 3. Qiviut: Qiviut is the fine inner wool of the muskox, which is incredibly warm and soft. It is highly prized and used to make clothing items such as hats, scarves, and gloves. 4. Angerseerut: Angerseerut are waterproof pants made from sealskin. They are worn over other layers of clothing to protect against moisture and provide additional insulation. 5. Ullup: Ullup is a traditional Greenlandic scarf made from wool or qiviut. It is worn around the neck to provide warmth and protection from cold winds. These traditional garments are still worn by some Greenlandic people today, particularly during special occasions, cultural events, and traditional ceremonies.
What are the traditional celebrations and festivals in Greenland?
Greenlandic culture is rich in traditions and celebrations. Here are some of the traditional celebrations and festivals in Greenland: 1. Kaffemik: Kaffemik is a traditional Greenlandic social gathering where friends, family, and community members come together to celebrate special occasions, such as birthdays, weddings, or graduations. Kaffemik involves serving coffee and various traditional foods. 2. National Day (June 21st): Celebrated on the longest day of the year, Greenland’s National Day, also known as Greenland’s Independence Day, commemorates Greenland’s self-governance within the Kingdom of Denmark. Festivities include cultural performances, music, traditional games, and fireworks. 3. Orca Festival: The Orca Festival is held in the town of Ittoqqortoormiit in East Greenland. It celebrates the arrival of the orcas in the region and includes traditional Inuit performances, dog sledding races, and cultural activities. 4. Northern Lights Festival: Held in the town of Sisimiut, the Northern Lights Festival celebrates the beauty of the Northern Lights and includes cultural performances, concerts, and outdoor activities. 5. Kaffemik for Visitors: Some communities in Greenland organize special kaffemiks for visitors, allowing them to experience traditional Greenlandic hospitality, food, and culture. These are just a few examples of the traditional celebrations and festivals in Greenland. Attending these events provides an opportunity to immerse yourself in Greenlandic culture and traditions.
What are the must-see natural wonders in Greenland?
Greenland is renowned for its magnificent natural wonders. Some must-see attractions include: 1. Ilulissat Icefjord: Located on the west coast, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is famous for its massive icebergs and breathtaking ice formations. 2. Eqi Glacier: Witness the grandeur of the Eqi Glacier as it calves massive icebergs into the sea. It is one of the most active tidewater glaciers in Greenland. 3. Uunartoq Hot Springs: Relax in natural hot springs surrounded by stunning Arctic scenery on Uunartoq Island. 4. Sermeq Kujalleq: This glacier, also known as the Jakobshavn Glacier, is one of the most productive in the Northern Hemisphere and offers a spectacular sight as it calves into the sea. 5. Nuuk Icefjord: Explore Nuuk Icefjord, a scenic fjord surrounded by towering mountains and floating icebergs. 6. Sermilik Icefjord: Located in East Greenland, Sermilik Icefjord offers awe-inspiring views of glaciers and icebergs against a backdrop of rugged mountains. 7. Icebergs of Disko Bay: Experience the beauty of Disko Bay’s icebergs, which vary in size, shape, and color, creating a mesmerizing sight. These natural wonders showcase the pristine beauty of Greenland’s arctic landscapes and are sure to leave visitors in awe of their magnificence.
Can you see the Northern Lights in Greenland?
Yes, Greenland is a fantastic place to witness the captivating natural phenomenon of the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis). The best time to see the Northern Lights in Greenland is during the winter months, from around September to April. Areas far from city lights, such as Kangerlussuaq, Ittoqqortoormiit, and rural regions, offer optimal conditions for viewing the Northern Lights. To increase your chances of seeing the Northern Lights, it’s recommended to monitor weather and aurora forecasts, choose clear and dark nights, and head to locations away from light pollution. Remember that the Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon, and their appearance can’t be guaranteed. However, Greenland provides excellent opportunities to witness this stunning display of lights in the night sky.
