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Located in the eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus serves as a historical mosaic where ancient civilizations intersect with modern times. An island renowned for its golden beaches, it echoes with tales of old, captures the spirit of diverse cultures, and offers unparalleled gastronomic delights. Here, visitors can effortlessly journey between the epochs of antiquity and the contemporary.
Sample the iconic Halloumi cheese and sip on Commandaria wine, a Cypriot specialty, to truly taste the island’s essence.
History aficionados should prioritize the ancient cities of Paphos and Salamis, stepping back into bygone eras.
How to best experience Cyprus?
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Cyprus: A Mediterranean Gem
| Capital | Nicosia |
| Time in Cyprus | GMT+2 |
| Language spoken | Greek, Turkish, English |
| Population | 1,210,857 (World Bank, 2021) |
| Religion | Greek Orthodox (89.1%) Islam (2.2%) Other Christian (2.9%) Atheism (2.4%) |
| Currency | Euro (€, EUR) |
| Airports | Larnaca International Airport Paphos International Airport |
Cyprus: a Mediterranean gem offering the perfect blend of natural beauty, rich history, and warm hospitality.
Where is Cyprus located?
Cyprus is an island country situated in the Eastern Mediterranean, south of Turkey, west of Syria, and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
What is Cyprus famous for?
Cyprus is famous for its stunning beaches, crystal-clear turquoise waters, and breathtaking landscapes. It is also known for its ancient ruins, including the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Paphos and Choirokoitia. The island is a popular tourist destination and offers a range of outdoor activities such as hiking, diving, and sailing.
History
Neolithic Period (10,000 – 3900 BC)
The earliest traces of human settlement on Cyprus trace back to the Neolithic period. During this era, communities primarily thrived on hunting, gathering, and rudimentary farming. Significant archaeological sites, such as Choirokoitia, reveal stone-built round houses, pointing towards a simple yet organized communal life.
Bronze Age (3900 – 1050 BC)
Beginning in the Chalcolithic age and extending into the Bronze Age, Cyprus saw the establishment of more complex societies. The use of copper, which was abundant on the island, contributed to trade relations with surrounding regions. The island’s strategic location became evident as it emerged as a significant trading hub in the Mediterranean. City-states, akin to those in ancient Greece, began to take shape.
Iron Age and Classical Period (1050 – 325 BC)
The subsequent Iron Age saw the advent of the city-kingdoms. Notable kingdoms included Salamis, Paphos, and Kition. These city-states often found themselves under the influence or direct control of powerful neighboring empires such as the Assyrians, Egyptians, and Persians. Yet, the Cypriot kingdoms managed to retain a distinct cultural identity, blending various influences while also contributing to the broader Mediterranean civilization.
Hellenistic and Roman Era (325 BC – 330 AD)
Following the death of Alexander the Great, Cyprus came under the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. This era, termed the Hellenistic period, marked a significant infusion of Greek culture into the island. In 58 BC, Cyprus became a province of the Roman Empire. The Romans left an indelible mark with infrastructural feats like theaters, villas, and public baths. Christian apostles Paul and Barnabas also visited the island, leading to the early establishment of Christianity.
Byzantine and Medieval Period (330 – 1489 AD)
With the division of the Roman Empire, Cyprus fell under Byzantine rule. The Byzantine era fortified Christianity’s presence, with the construction of numerous monasteries and churches. However, the island’s strategic location meant it was a coveted prize, leading to Arab invasions. The Lusignan dynasty, of Crusader origin, took over in the late medieval period, introducing Western European influences and Gothic architecture.
Ottoman Rule (1571 – 1878)
After the decline of the Lusignan rule, Cyprus came under Venetian control briefly before succumbing to the Ottoman Empire in 1571. Under the Ottomans, the island experienced substantial demographic and administrative changes. The Turks introduced Islamic culture, which coexisted with the established Christian traditions. This period was marked by relative peace but also economic stagnation.
British Administration and the Path to Independence (1878 – 1960)
In 1878, the British Empire assumed administrative control of Cyprus. Though technically still an Ottoman territory, the island was de facto under British governance, and it was fully annexed in 1914. The 20th century saw growing Cypriot nationalism and demands for enosis (union) with Greece. However, the complex interplay of Greek and Turkish communities on the island led to a push for independence, culminating in the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus in 1960.
Modern Day Cyprus (1960 – Present)
After gaining independence, Cyprus experienced tensions between its Greek and Turkish Cypriot populations. A coup in 1974, backed by the Greek junta, led to a Turkish intervention and subsequent division of the island. Today, a buffer zone, overseen by the United Nations, separates the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Despite past tensions, Cyprus remains a popular tourist destination and is known for its rich heritage and diverse culture. The island joined the European Union in 2004, further integrating it into the broader European community.
Visit Cyprus
What to see and do in Cyprus
Cyprus offers a wide range of attractions and activities for visitors to explore. Here are some of the top things to see and do in Cyprus:
- Visit the ancient archaeological site of Paphos, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its well-preserved Roman mosaics and ancient ruins.
- Explore the Troodos Mountains, where you can hike through scenic trails, visit traditional villages, and admire Byzantine churches with beautiful frescoes.
- Relax on the stunning beaches of Ayia Napa and Protaras, known for their crystal-clear waters and vibrant nightlife.
- Discover the historic city of Limassol, with its medieval castle, charming old town, and bustling marina.
- Immerse yourself in the rich history and culture of Nicosia, the capital city, with its ancient city walls, museums, and vibrant street art scene.
- Experience traditional Cypriot cuisine, with its delicious mezze platters, grilled meats, and fresh seafood.
- Visit the divided city of Famagusta, where you can explore the ancient city walls, visit the ruins of Salamis, and relax on its beautiful sandy beaches.
Events in Cyprus
Cyprus hosts a variety of cultural, historical, and sporting events throughout the year. Here are some notable events in Cyprus:
- The Limassol Carnival, held in February, is a vibrant festival featuring parades, parties, and masquerade competitions.
- The Kataklysmos Festival, also known as the Festival of the Flood, takes place in June and celebrates the biblical story of Noah’s Ark with water-related activities and traditional music and dance.
- The International Film Festival of Cyprus, held in October, showcases a selection of international and Cypriot films and attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world.
- The Wine Festival, held in September, offers visitors the chance to sample a wide variety of locally produced wines, enjoy live music and performances, and learn about the island’s wine-making traditions.
Best time to visit Cyprus
The best time to visit Cyprus is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) months when the weather is pleasant and temperatures are mild. During these seasons, visitors can enjoy outdoor activities, such as hiking, exploring ancient sites, and lounging on the beaches, without the intense heat of the summer months. Additionally, Cyprus offers a variety of festivals and events during these months, providing travelers with opportunities to experience the local culture and traditions. However, it’s important to note that Cyprus is a popular tourist destination, so it’s advisable to book accommodations and flights in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.
Is Cyprus worth visiting?
Cyprus is definitely worth visiting for travelers who are interested in history, culture, and natural beauty. The island’s rich and diverse history, with influences from various civilizations, is reflected in its archaeological sites, ancient ruins, and museums. Cyprus also offers stunning natural landscapes, including beautiful beaches, mountains, and vineyards. The local cuisine is another highlight, with delicious traditional dishes and regional specialties. However, it’s important to note that the political situation on the island, with the division between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, can impact travel experiences in certain areas. Visitors should take this into consideration and respect the local customs and sensitivities while exploring the island.
Common questions
What are the best places to visit in Cyprus?
- The ancient city of Paphos, known for its archaeological sites and historic landmarks
- The Troodos Mountains, which offer stunning natural scenery and hiking opportunities
- The city of Limassol, with its charming Old Town and beautiful beaches
- The Akamas Peninsula, a nature reserve with pristine coastlines and hiking trails
- The city of Larnaca, home to the renowned Church of Saint Lazarus and beautiful salt lakes
What are the best beaches in Cyprus?
- Nissi Beach in Ayia Napa, known for its golden sand and crystal-clear waters
- Makronissos Beach in Ayia Napa, popular for its family-friendly atmosphere and water sports
- Coral Bay in Paphos, with its picturesque cliffs, soft sand, and turquoise water
- Fig Tree Bay in Protaras, a sandy beach with shallow waters ideal for swimming
- Lara Beach in Akamas, a secluded beach famous for its nesting sea turtles
What is the weather like in Cyprus?
- Spring (March to May): Mild temperatures and occasional rainfall
- Summer (June to August): Hot and sunny weather, with temperatures reaching 30°C (86°F) or more
- Autumn (September to November): Pleasant temperatures and some rainfall
- Winter (December to February): Cool temperatures, with occasional rain and even snow in the mountains
What is the local cuisine in Cyprus?
- Souvlaki: Grilled skewers of marinated meat (usually pork or chicken)
- Halloumi: The famous Cypriot cheese, often grilled or served in salads
- Moussaka: A layered dish of eggplant, meat, and potatoes, topped with bechamel sauce
- Kleftiko: Slow-cooked lamb or goat, traditionally cooked in a clay oven
- Loukoumades: Small dough balls fried until golden, then drizzled with honey and sprinkled with cinnamon
What are the traditional customs and festivals in Cyprus?
- Idouli (Carnival): A colorful celebration held in February featuring parades, music, and traditional costumes
- Easter: A significant religious holiday celebrated with solemn processions and church services
- Kataklysmos (Festival of the Flood): A three-day event in June celebrating the Holy Spirit and featuring water-related activities and fairs
- Troodos Festivals: Various festivals throughout the year showcasing traditional music, dance, and crafts in the Troodos Mountains
What activities can I do in Cyprus?
- Exploring ancient archaeological sites, such as the Tombs of the Kings in Paphos
- Indulging in water sports, such as snorkeling, diving, and jet skiing
- Hiking in the Troodos Mountains or the Akamas Peninsula
- Visiting traditional villages, such as Lefkara or Omodos, to experience local culture
- Enjoying the vibrant nightlife in cities like Ayia Napa or Limassol
What are the best shopping destinations in Cyprus?
- Nicosia: The capital city offers a mix of modern shopping malls, boutique stores, and traditional markets
- Limassol: The city has a thriving shopping scene, with a variety of malls and designer stores
- Paphos: Explore the Old Town for unique souvenirs, handmade crafts, and local produce
- Protaras: Look for beachwear, clothing, and accessories in the resort area
- Larnaca: Shop for traditional Cypriot products, such as olive oil, wine, and local delicacies
Is it safe to drink tap water in Cyprus?
What are the transportation options in Cyprus?
- Car rental: Renting a car gives you the freedom to explore at your own pace. Just keep in mind that Cyprus follows left-hand driving.
- Taxis: Taxis are widely available, and you can either flag them on the street or find them at designated taxi stands.
- Public buses: Cyprus has an extensive public bus network, connecting major cities and tourist destinations.
- Intercity buses: Intercity buses operate between different cities and towns, offering a convenient way to travel longer distances.
- Shared taxis: Shared taxis, known as “service taxis” or “intercity taxis,” follow specific routes and are a more affordable alternative to private taxis.
What is the currency in Cyprus?
What are the popular outdoor activities in Cyprus?
- Exploring the Akamas Peninsula: Hike through beautiful trails, swim in hidden coves, or join a jeep safari.
- Scuba diving and snorkeling: Discover vibrant marine life and underwater caves in the crystal-clear waters of the Mediterranean Sea.
- Rock climbing: Scale the dramatic limestone cliffs in areas like Cape Greco or Avakas Gorge.
- Mountain biking: Ride through the scenic nature trails of the Troodos Mountains or Akamas Peninsula.
- Watersports: Enjoy a range of activities like windsurfing, paddleboarding, and kiteboarding along the coastline.
What is the nightlife like in Cyprus?
- Ayia Napa: Known for its lively clubbing scene and popular beach bars
- Limassol: Offers a mix of clubs, bars, and live music venues in its vibrant entertainment districts
- Paphos: Features a more relaxed nightlife with cozy pubs, cocktail bars, and live music events
- Larnaca: Offers a variety of bars and nightclubs, particularly around the Phinikoudes promenade area