Dax, France

Dax, a revered gem in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France, is famed for its thermal springs and rich cultural heritage. This historic spa town draws visitors with its Roman ruins, lively festivals, and therapeutic thermal baths. Dax’s enchanting streets and scenic surroundings make it an ideal retreat for relaxation and cultural immersion.

For a unique experience, visit the Fontaine Chaude, the heart of Dax’s thermal heritage, and enjoy the soothing properties of its natural hot water.

Don’t miss the bustling Dax market to savor local delicacies like foie gras and Chalosse beef, encapsulating the rich flavors of the region.

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Dax: A Historical Sanctuary in the Land of Thermal Springs

Country	France
Time in Dax	GMT+1
Language spoken	French
Population	20,486 (source: latest census 2021)
Currency	Euro (€, EUR)
Airports	Biarritz Airport (29 mi / 47 km) Pau Pyrénées Airport (55 mi / 89 km)

Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France, Dax stands out as a notable destination rich in cultural and historical heritage. Known for its hot springs and mud baths, Dax has been a popular spa town since Roman times. The town is steeped in history, with remnants of ancient walls, the Notre-Dame Sainte-Marie Cathedral, and several museums that offer insights into its Roman past and development through the centuries.

Apart from its historical and therapeutic appeal, Dax is vibrant with festivals, particularly famous for its Fêtes de Dax, a festive event that draws visitors with music, bullfighting, and local culinary delights. The streets of Dax are lined with charming boutiques, quaint cafés, and restaurants serving local cuisine, notably the delectable Duck Confit and Tourtière, a regional dessert.

The economy of Dax benefits significantly from tourism, thanks to its spa resorts and cultural sites. It allows visitors to combine health treatments with leisure and exploration of the city’s heritage. Besides tourism, Dax remains a center for agricultural trade, especially known for its foie gras and beef products, which are celebrated components of French gastronomy.

Walking through Dax offers a delightful journey through its well-preserved historical sites interleaved with modern amenities. Its riverside setting provides serene views and a peaceful environment for relaxation and leisure activities. The town’s green spaces, including the Sarrat Park, are perfect for family outings and reconnecting with nature.

Where is Dax?

Dax is situated in the southwest of France, in the Landes department of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is nestled on the banks of the Adour River.

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
From Paris to Dax	434 miles (698 km)	Approx 7h
From Bordeaux to Dax	92 miles (148 km)	Approx 1h 30m
From Toulouse to Dax	167 miles (269 km)	Approx 2h 35m

What is Dax famous for?

Dax is most famous for being France’s oldest spa destination, drawing visitors to its thermal springs and therapeutic mud baths since Roman times. The town is also celebrated for its rich cultural festivals and gastronomic heritage.

History

Pre-Roman Times

Dax, known in ancient times as ‘Aquae Tarbellicae’, has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era. The presence of rich hot springs made it a significant site for the pre-Roman peoples, notably the Tarbelli, from whom the ancient name derives. These early inhabitants exploited the thermal waters for their healing properties, establishing Dax as a center for what might be considered early hydrotherapy practices.

Roman Era (1st Century BC – 5th Century AD)

The Romans, upon discovering the strategic and health benefits of Dax’s thermal waters, established it as a thermal bath settlement. They constructed sophisticated bath complexes, parts of which can still be seen today. These structures underpin much of modern Dax’s old town and are a testament to the town’s importance in Roman Gaul.

Medieval Period (5th – 15th Century)

Post the fall of the Roman Empire, Dax saw a series of rulers, from the Visigoths to the Franks. During the Middle Ages, it became fortified with walls and ramparts, many of which were to defend against Norman invasions. In the 12th century, it was integrated into the English-held Duchy of Aquitaine, leading to an economic boom facilitated by the wine trade with England.

Modern Era (16th Century – Present)

The modern era saw Dax develop further, architecturally and economically. The discovery of additional thermal springs in the 19th century returned the city to its roots as a spa destination. Today, Dax is recognized for its mud treatments and rheumatology therapies, attracting visitors from all over the globe seeking wellness and relaxation. The city’s rich history, combined with its continued significance as a health resort, makes its story one of enduring human occupation and adaptation.

Visit Dax

What to see and do in Dax, France

Exploring Dax offers an intriguing mix of historical and wellness activities. Key attractions include the Borda Museum, which houses archaeological artefacts and provides insights into the local history from prehistoric to modern times. No visit to Dax is complete without experiencing its famous thermal baths, like the Thermes Bérot, offering treatments utilizing the local mud and hot spring water.

Walk around the remnants of the ancient Roman walls and the Cathedral Notre-Dame Sainte-Marie, notable for its architectural style.
Visit the beautiful Fontaine Chaude (Hot Fountain), the heart of the city’s thermal activity.
Explore the local markets to taste regional specialties like the Chalosse beef.

Festivals and Events in Dax

Dax hosts numerous annual events that reflect its rich culture and heritage. The most prominent is the ‘Fêtes de Dax’, a five-day festival held every August that includes music performances, traditional dancing, bullfighting, and fireworks. Another significant event is the thermal heritage celebration, where the history and culture of the spa city are showcased, taking place in spring.

Best time to visit Dax

The ideal time to visit Dax is between late spring and early autumn, from May to October. During these months, the weather is pleasantly warm, perfect for enjoying the outdoor attractions and taking part in the thermal treatments. The city’s vibrant events calendar during this period, especially with the ‘Fêtes de Dax’ in August, provides visitors with rich cultural experiences.

Is Dax worth visiting?

Dax is certainly worth visiting for those who appreciate a blend of history, culture, and wellness. Its renowned thermal baths offer unique health benefits in an historically rich setting. However, it might not cater as well to those seeking more dynamic urban entertainment or extensive nightlife options. The somewhat quiet ambiance is perfect for relaxation and leisurely exploration but may not satisfy those looking for a bustling city atmosphere.

What are the main attractions in Dax, France?

The city of Dax, situated in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France, is famed for its hot springs and vibrant local culture. Main attractions include the Borda Museum, which offers insights into the archaeological history and local traditions of the place. The Hot Fountain, known as ‘La Fontaine Chaude,’ is another key site, serving as a centerpiece of the city since Roman times. For relaxation, the Dax Thermal Spa is perfect, providing treatments using the local mineral-rich waters. Nature lovers can explore the banks of the Adour River or visit the Bois de Boulogne Park, which is ideal for tranquil strolls.

What types of local cuisine can one find in Dax?

In Dax, the culinary scene reflects the broader Landes region, famous for dishes featuring ducks and geese. Local specialties include ‘Foie gras,’ a rich and buttery delicacy made from the liver of ducks or geese. ‘Confit de canard,’ duck cooked slowly in its own fat, is another staple, often served with potatoes fried in duck fat. For seafood lovers, the proximity to the Atlantic offers dishes like ‘Oysters from Arcachon Bay.’ Regional desserts are notable too, particularly ‘Pastis Landais,’ a fragrant, anise-flavored cake. Dining in Dax provides a genuine taste of traditional French and Gascon cuisine.

Are there any unique shopping experiences in Dax?

Dax offers unique shopping experiences, especially for those interested in local arts and crafts as well as regional produce. The Grand Mail commercial center provides a variety of stores, but the town’s weekly markets are not to be missed. These markets showcase local crafts, including handmade Basque textiles and pottery. For gastronomic delights, one can find items such as Armagnac brandy, Foie gras, and Chalosse beef. Many shops in the historical center also offer products based on thermal spring water, perfect for unique souvenirs that highlight the region’s spa culture.

What outdoor activities can visitors enjoy in Dax?

Dax and its surrounding areas offer numerous outdoor activities geared towards nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. The Adour River and its tributaries provide excellent opportunities for fishing and kayaking. The nearby Landes forest, one of the largest in Europe, is perfect for hiking, cycling, and bird-watching. For a more structured outdoor experience, several local companies offer guided tours, including eco-tours that focus on the biodiversity of the region. Cycling tours are particularly popular, taking advantage of the extensive network of bike paths that offer scenic rides through the French countryside.

How does Dax cater to families with children?

Dax is well-suited for families visiting with children, offering a variety of activities and attractions to keep younger tourists engaged. The Lac de Christus on the outskirts provides a safe and scenic spot for family picnics and leisurely walks. The Bois de Boulogne park and playground are favorite spots among local and visiting families alike. During the summer, several festivals geared towards children take place, featuring games, workshops, and performances that cater specifically to young audiences. Additionally, Dax’s thermal spas offer special treatments and packages for families, making wellness a community affair.

What cultural experiences does Dax offer?

Dax is rich in cultural experiences, reflecting its deep historical roots and dynamic local traditions. The Borda Museum and the Diochon Gallery are cultural highlights, offering insights into the Roman past and local artistic expressions. Every year, the city hosts traditional festivals, including the Fête de Dax, a vibrant five-day event filled with music, dance, and bullfighting displays. The theatre of Dax presents a range of performances from classical to contemporary plays, catering to a wide variety of tastes. For those interested in learning the local dances, several clubs offer lessons on traditional Landaise dances.

Are there special accommodations available in Dax catered to health and wellness?

Given its fame as a spa town, Dax specializes in health and wellness accommodations. Many hotels in the area offer packages that include access to thermal spas, wellness treatments, and dietary consultations. These establishments often feature on-site thermal pools, saunas, and fitness centers. For a unique experience, some local accommodations provide mud baths and hydrotherapy services using the mineral-rich thermal water Dax is known for. These treatments are not only relaxing but also reputed to have therapeutic properties, particularly beneficial for musculoskeletal and circulatory issues.

What are the transport options available for tourists in Dax?

Dax is well-connected by various modes of transport, making it easily accessible for tourists. The city’s train station offers direct services to major French cities like Paris and Bordeaux. For local travel, there are buses that cover the city and suburban areas, including routes to nearby beaches and towns. Car rental services are available for those preferring to explore at their own pace. Additionally, the town is accommodating to cyclists, with dedicated bike paths and rental shops providing bikes for all ages, ensuring that visitors can navigate the city conveniently and eco-friendly.