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Şanlıurfa, an ancient city in southeastern Turkey, is steeped in history and culture. Often referred to simply as Urfa, its legacy includes religious significance in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, making it a pivotal pilgrimage site.
This city is believed to be the birthplace of Biblical patriarchs and prophets such as Abraham, and it houses significant landmarks like the Pool of Sacred Fish, the Urfa Castle, and the ancient Harran. The diverse cultural tapestry is also reflected in its vibrant bazaars, traditional crafts, and rich culinary heritage, offering an immersive experience into the past and present of this historic locale.
When visiting Şanlıurfa, ensure to explore its old bazaars. Here you can find traditional handcrafts that are perfect for unique souvenirs and gifts.
Plan your visit during the cooler months from October to April to fully enjoy walking tours around the city’s key historical sites.
How to best experience Şanlıurfa?
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Şanlıurfa: The City of Prophets
| Country | Turkey |
| Time in Şanlıurfa | GMT+3 |
| Language spoken | Turkish |
| Population | 2,073,614 (source: TURKSTAT 2021) |
| Currency | Turkish Lira (₺, TRY) |
| Airports |
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Şanlıurfa, often simply referred to as Urfa, is a city steeped in history and legend, nestled in southeastern Turkey. Known as the city of prophets, it is said to be the birthplace of Abraham and is rich with religious significance. The ancient city exposes layers of history, from its Old Town to the ruins of Göbekli Tepe, which predate Stonehenge by 6,000 years. Şanlıurfa’s cultural landscape is a vivid tapestry, with influences from various civilizations that have ruled the area, including the Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans.
Over the years, Şanlıurfa has retained a mix of its traditional roots and modern advances. Its markets, especially the bustling Bazaar, offer a sensory overload with spices, textiles, and handicrafts. Cuisine here is a reflection of Urfa’s diverse heritage, with culinary delights that focus on meze and kebabs. The Balıklıgöl Complex, a site with pools of sacred fish, and the cave where it is believed Prophet Abraham was born, are central to its spiritual tourism. While its archeological site, Harran, a city of ancient Mesopotamia, reveals a medieval Islamic university and ancient beehive houses.
Today, Şanlıurfa is not only a pilgrimage route but also a witness to the ongoing blend of past and present, inviting travelers to explore its deep-seated narratives and historical landscapes. Whether it is for spiritual reasons, historical interest, or culinary exploration, Urfa offers a touching experience that resonates with everyone who visits.
Where is Şanlıurfa?
Şanlıurfa is located in southeastern Turkey, standing on the plains of Harran near the Syrian border.
Distances:
| Route | Distance by car | Time by car |
|---|---|---|
| Ankara to Şanlıurfa | 820 km | 9 hours 30 minutes |
| Gaziantep to Şanlıurfa | 150 km | 1 hour 45 minutes |
| Konya to Şanlıurfa | 650 km | 7 hours 30 minutes |
What is Şanlıurfa famous for?
Şanlıurfa is renowned for its rich heritage as the city of prophets, hosting numerous religious sites, including where it is believed Prophet Abraham was born. It’s also famous for the archaeological site Göbekli Tepe, one of the oldest known temples in the world.
History
Prehistory to the Bronze Age
The region of Şanlıurfa, historically known as Urfa or Edessa, is steeped in a rich tapestry of human history that dates back to the prehistoric era. Excavations in the area have uncovered evidence of early human occupation, with findings suggesting that the region was inhabited by Neolithic tribes as early as 9000 BCE. These early inhabitants were among the pioneers of farming and domesticating animals, marking the beginning of settled human societies.
Classical Antiquity (1000 BCE – 324 AD)
Through the millennia, Urfa’s strategic location in Upper Mesopotamia made it a focal point of various civilizations, including the Hurrians, Hittites, and Arameans. By the first millennium BCE, it was absorbed into the vast Assyrian Empire. Following the decline of Assyrian power, Urfa came under the control of the Macedonian Empire after Alexander the Great’s conquests. The city later became an important center under the Roman Empire, known during this period for its robust educational and cultural activities.
Islamic Era and Ottoman Period (639 AD – 1918)
The advent of Islam introduced a new chapter in Urfa’s history. Conquered by Muslim forces in 639 AD, it became a significant Islamic center. The city’s religious significance is bolstered by legends tying it to biblical prophets, especially Prophet Abraham. During the Ottoman era, Urfa was a crucial administrative and cultural hub in the empire’s Syrian provinces, a period during which much of the city’s architectural heritage, visible today, was constructed.
Modern Period (20th Century to Present)
The decline of the Ottoman Empire led to French occupation after World War I, followed by incorporation into the newly formed Republic of Turkey, where it was renamed Şanlıurfa in 1984. Today, Şanlıurfa is a vibrant city that blends its ancient heritage with modern Turkish culture. It continues to be a key site for archaeological research and tourism, drawing visitors with its historical sites and tales of ancient times.
Visit Şanlıurfa
What to see and do in Şanlıurfa
The city of Şanlıurfa offers a fascinating journey through time with its rich archaeological sites, vibrant bazaars, and spiritual landmarks. Key attractions include:
- The Şanlıurfa Castle, which offers panoramic views of the city and a glimpse into its storied past.
- Balıklıgöl, a serene pool believed to be associated with the Prophet Abraham, surrounded by gardens and teahouses.
- The Şanlıurfa Archaeology Museum, home to important artifacts from the region’s Neolithic site at Göbekli Tepe.
- The bustling bazaars where visitors can immerse themselves in local culture and purchase traditional crafts and spices.
Experience these timeless landmarks and the warm hospitality characteristic of Şanlıurfa.
Festivals and Traditions in Şanlıurfa
Şanlıurfa is vibrant with cultural festivals throughout the year. The Şanlıurfa Culture and Art Festival, usually held in September, showcases local music, dance, and culinary delights, providing a deep insight into the cultural fabric of the region.
Another significant event is the Mesopotamian Water and Cultural Festival, which celebrates the region’s connection to the ancient waters of Mesopotamia with performances and exhibitions each June.
Best time to visit Şanlıurfa
The ideal time to visit Şanlıurfa is during the spring (March to May) or autumn (September to November). These seasons offer pleasant weather, making it comfortable to explore the outdoor historical sites and participate in local festivals.
Is Şanlıurfa worth visiting?
Şanlıurfa is undoubtedly worth a visit for those who appreciate history, culture, and spirituality. The city’s blend of historical relics, from prehistoric sites to Islamic landmarks, along with its rich traditions and picturesque landscapes, provide a unique and enriching experience that appeals to both history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.