Ollantaytambo, Peru

Nestled in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, Ollantaytambo is a historic marvel that captivates visitors with its ancient ruins and steep terraces clinging to the slopes. Founded around the mid-15th century, it served as both a fortress and a ceremonial center during the Inca Empire.

Today, Ollantaytambo is a significant archaeological site and a crucial starting point for the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, attracting explorers and historians alike who are eager to delve into its well-preserved Inca culture and architecture.

Before embarking on an exploration of the ruins, consider hiring a local guide to gain deeper historical insights and navigate the complex with ease.

Travel lightly and wear comfortable shoes, as the steep and uneven terrains require good physical condition to explore fully and safely.

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Ollantaytambo: Gateway to the Past

Country	Peru
Time in Ollantaytambo	GMT-5
Language spoken	Spanish, Quechua
Population	700 (Census 2021 data)
Currency	Peruvian Sol (S/., PEN)
Airports	Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (Cusco) (39 mi / 63 km)

Ollantaytambo, often called “Ollanta” by the locals, is a significant town in southern Peru, known for its massive Inca fortress with large stone terraces on a hillside. Situated at an altitude of 2,792 meters above sea level in the Urubamba Valley, it has towering mountains enclosing it that are blanketed by oft-white-capped peaks. The town serves as a popular tourist destination due to its well-preserved Inca buildings and as a starting point for the famous Inca Trail leading to Machu Picchu.

The history of Ollantaytambo is rich with ancient culture, being one of the last and best-preserved Inca sites before the Spanish conquest. It played a vital role during Inca times as a temple, fort, and royal estate, directly linked to the most prominent Inca ruler, Pachacutec. Notably, it served as a strategic military, religious, and agricultural hub. Its archaeological site includes remarkable structures like the Temple of the Sun and the Funerary Rock, providing clear insights into ancient Incan architecture and engineering prowess.

The town of Ollantaytambo and its surrounding region are alive with traditional Andean culture, reflected in the daily lives of its inhabitants. Traditional festivals, colorful textile markets, and the surrounding pristine landscape offer an authentic view of Peruvian heritage and nature. The town is not only a mirror reflecting the ancient past but also a thriving community where centuries-old traditions continue to live amidst modern influences.

Where is Ollantaytambo?

Located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas in southern Peru, Ollantaytambo is approximately 60 miles northwest of Cusco.

Distances:

Route	Distance by car	Time by car
Cusco to Ollantaytambo	60 miles (97 km)	Approx. 1.5 hours
Pisac to Ollantaytambo	49 miles (79 km)	Approx. 1.25 hours

What is Ollantaytambo famous for?

Ollantaytambo is renowned for its well-preserved Inca ruins, notably the fortress that stands as a testament to Inca architectural genius and the history of their resistance against Spanish invaders.

History

Pre-Columbian Era: Before 1440

Ollantaytambo, located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas in Peru, traces its origins back to the pre-Columbian era. It was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes, primarily the Killke people, who lived in the region from 900 to 1200 AD. They were responsible for constructing some of the foundations that would later support the Inca structures.

Inca Period: 1440-1532

The town as known today was established in the mid-15th century by the Inca emperor Pachacuti after he conquered the region. Ollantaytambo served as both a religious and agricultural hub. The area was a feat of engineering, with terraces carved into the hillside for farming and a complex irrigation system. The fortress of Ollantaytambo, strategically overlooking the valley, played a crucial role in Inca defense against the Spanish conquistadors.

Colonial and Modern Era: 1532-Present

After the Spanish conquest, Ollantaytambo experienced a decline, as many original Inca structures were dismantled or repurposed by the conquerors. However, during the 20th century, Ollantaytambo regained attention as an archaeological site and a critical part of the Sacred Valley tourism circuit. Preservation efforts have focused on maintaining its Inca roots while accommodating modern influences. Today, it stands as a living museum, offering insights into Inca civilization and contemporary Andean culture.

Visit Ollantaytambo

What to see and do in Ollantaytambo, Peru

Explore the iconic Ollantaytambo fortress, a symbol of Incan architecture and engineering. This massive structure offers breathtaking views of the valley and intricate stonework.

For a cultural immersion, walk through the cobblestone streets of the old town to experience the still-standing Inca buildings and the vibrant local market.

Visit the Temple of the Sun with its impressive monoliths.
Explore the agricultural terraces that showcase Inca’s advanced farming techniques.
Take a tour of the nearby ancient grain storage facilities perched high on the mountainsides.
Raft on the Urubamba River for a mix of adventure and scenic beauty.

Festivals in Ollantaytambo

Ollantaytambo hosts several festivals that celebrate both Inca traditions and Christian rituals. Notably, the Ollantay Raymi festival in June reenacts the historical battles of Ollantaytambo against the Spaniards, combining theatrical performances with traditional music and dancing.

Additionally, the town celebrates the feast of the Virgen de la Candelaria every February with lively parades and folk dances.

Best time to visit Ollantaytambo

For pleasant weather and fewer tourists, the best time to visit Ollantaytambo is during the dry season, from April to October. This period offers clear skies and easier access to hiking trails and archeological sites, ensuring a more enjoyable exploration of the valley.

Is Ollantaytambo worth visiting?

Ollantaytambo is unquestionably worth visiting for anyone interested in history, culture, and natural beauty. Its well-preserved Inca ruins, panoramic Andean landscapes, and the lively local culture offer a unique glimpse into both the past and present of the Sacred Valley.

Moreover, its significance as a gateway to the famous Machu Picchu makes it an essential stop for explorers in Peru.

What is the best time of year to visit Ollantaytambo?

The best time to visit Ollantaytambo is during the dry season, which runs from April through October. During these months, you’ll experience less rainfall, making it ideal for exploring the ruins and enjoying the surrounding landscapes. The weather is generally sunny and warm during the day, although it can be chilly in the mornings and evenings, so it’s advisable to bring layers. Visiting during these months also coincides with several local festivals, providing a deeper insight into the rich culture of the region.

How can tourists contribute to the conservation of Ollantaytambo?

Tourists can contribute to the conservation of Ollantaytambo by practicing responsible tourism. This includes respecting local customs and traditions, using water and resources sparingly, and avoiding littering. Visitors should also support local businesses and purchase authentic handicrafts directly from local artisans. Additionally, participating in ecological tours and choosing accommodations that adhere to sustainable practices can make a significant impact. Being conscious of one’s environmental footprint while exploring Ollantaytambo is vital for the preservation of its natural and cultural heritage.

What are some recommended local dishes to try in Ollantaytambo?

When visiting Ollantaytambo, be sure to savor some traditional Andean dishes. A must-try is “Pachamanca,” a traditional method of cooking meat, potatoes, and other ingredients under hot stones. Another local favorite is “Cuy” (guinea pig), which is typically roasted and served whole. For vegetarians, “Chairo” — a hearty soup made from vegetables and quinoa — is an excellent choice. Don’t forget to try “Chicha de Jora,” a local corn beer that’s popular in the region. These dishes provide a taste of the native flavors and culinary practices.

Are there any traditional markets in Ollantaytambo?

Yes, Ollantaytambo hosts several traditional markets where you can immerse yourself in local culture. The main market located in the plaza is a vibrant place where artisans from the surrounding areas come to sell their crafts, textiles, pottery, and jewelry. It is also a great spot to purchase organic produce grown in the Sacred Valley. These markets are typically open daily and are more bustling on weekends. Visiting these markets provides a beautiful opportunity to interact with local vendors and learn about the materials and techniques used in their crafts.

What safety tips should travelers keep in mind when visiting Ollantaytambo?

When visiting Ollantaytambo, travelers should adhere to general safety tips. Always stay aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded places. Avoid carrying large sums of cash and keep valuables, including passports and cameras, secure and out of sight. It’s advisable to use reputable transportation services and travel with a guide when exploring remote areas. Additionally, respect local norms and signage, especially when hiking in and around the ruins. Finally, make sure to have travel insurance in case of emergencies.

Can visitors participate in any local festivals in Ollantaytambo?

Visitors to Ollantaytambo have the unique opportunity to participate in local festivals, which are deeply ingrained in the community’s culture. One of the most significant festivals is the “Ollantay Raymi,” a reenactment of Incan stories held in June. Another event worth experiencing is the “Feast of the Crosses” in May, where locals decorate crosses and carry them in processions. Engaging in these festivals allows visitors to experience authentic Andean music, dance, and rituals, providing a deeper understanding of the local traditions.

What should tourists know about altitude sickness in Ollantaytambo?

Ollantaytambo sits at an altitude of nearly 2,800 meters (9,186 feet) above sea level, which can cause altitude sickness for some visitors. Symptoms include headache, nausea, dizziness, and shortness of breath. To prevent altitude sickness, it’s advisable to acclimatize gradually by spending a day or two in Cusco or a similar altitude before ascending further. Drinking plenty of water, avoiding alcohol and heavy meals, and taking it easy for the first few days can also help. If symptoms persist, it’s important to seek medical advice or descend to a lower altitude.

Are there any cultural etiquette tips that visitors should follow in Ollantaytambo?

When visiting Ollantaytambo, it’s important to respect local customs and etiquette to foster a respectful interaction with the community. Dress modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites or during festivals. Always ask for permission before taking photos of local people, especially in more traditional communities. Greet people with a friendly “Buenos días” or “Buenas tardes,” and try to learn a few basic phrases in Spanish to communicate better with locals. Additionally, when shopping or dining, showing appreciation and politeness goes a long way in connecting with the residents.